Objectives The antibacterial effects of traditional Chinese medicine Lianhua-Qingwen formula on two common pathogens in livestock and poultry including Pasteurellamultocida and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were studied to provide reference for its application in veterinary clinic. Methods The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Lianhua-Qingwen formula against three different strains of Pasteurella including Pasteurella X7, Pasteurella YU, Pasteurella SD were measured with the microbroth dilution method. The experiment of drug therapy was conducted. 50 mice aged 4-6 weeks were divided into 5 groups. Each group after infection with Pasteurella was treated with different therapeutic regimens including Lianhua-Qingwen formula, sterile water, amoxicillin, cefaclor for 3 days. The therapeutic effect of Lianhua-Qingw formula on Pasteurella infection was evaluated with the efficacy of treatment. The MIC, MBC, and the efficacy of treatment of Lianhua-Qingwen formula against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were determined according to the anti-Pasteurella test method of Lianhua-Qingwen formula. Results The MIC and MBC of Lianhua-Qingwen formula for different strains of Pasteurella was 4-8 mg/mL and 8-16 mg/mL, respectively. The efficacy of treatment for Pasteurella infection was 60%, significantly higher than that in the control group, and there was no significant difference in treatment compared to the antibiotic oral group. The MIC and MBC of Lianhua-Qingwen formula against SE38 strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was 64 mg/mL and 128 mg/mL, and there was no significant therapeutic effect in the mouse infection model. Conclusions Lianhua-Qingwen formula has a good antibacterial effect on Pasteurella, and can be can be further studied as a substitute for antibiotics.

Objectives The physical and chemical properties of total flavonol solution in roots, stems and leaves of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera was studied. The differences of total flavonoids in different parts were analyzed. Methods The total flavonol solution extracted from the roots, stems and leaves of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera Zhongke No.1-101 was used to determine the apparent characteristics, pH, electrical conductivity and antioxidant capacity with specific instruments and equipment, and then to observe the microscopic characteristics with electron scanning microscope. Results The total flavonol solution with equal volume of roots, stems, and leaves in hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera varied in color and carried a volatile taste of ethyl/methanol. The pH was between 6.3 and 7.0, with stems>roots>leaves, but the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in electrical conductivity, all ranging from 966 μS/cm to 1 000 μS/cm. The overall scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS free radicals under the same condition concentration was as follows: stem≥root>leaf, and root>stem≥leaf. There were significant differences in the morphology of solid after special drying treatment at the same concentration. Conclusions The total flavonol solution in the roots, stems, and leaves of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera had no significant difference in color, pH, and electrical conductivity, but there were significant differences in the scavenging rate of free radicals and the morphology of solid after drying. The content of total flavonoid in the roots and stems of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera was relatively high, with the potential to be developed into antioxidant additives for feed.

Objectives The problems of weak links, unstable production performance, and decreased purity in the current breeding system of Hulunbuir sheep were solved to protect local resources of purebred sheep and provide purebred livestock for breeding Hulunbuir sheep hybrid. Methods Hulunbuir ewes and rams with normal growth and development, healthy and disease-free, and good body size at Hadatu Farm, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected for mating each year from 2019 to 2024. The birth weight, litter size, litter gender of all lambs experimented, and the weight, length, height and chest circumference of all sheep at 5 and 18 months of age experimented were measured and analyzed with successive breeding. Results The growth rate of 0-5-month-old rams and ewes after breeding increased by 14.95 and 13.72 percentages, respectively. The reproduction rate and the rate of twin lambing both increased by 8.3 percentages. The growth performance of ewes at the stage of early growth was significantly increased(P<0.05). A total of 5 core groups of Hulunbuir sheep were established, giving birth to 4 574 lambs. Conclusions The technology of breeding Hulunbuir sheep purebred can increase the growth rate, reproduction rate and the rate of twin lambing, enhance the growth performance, expand the core population, and strengthen market competitiveness.

Objectives The effects of antimicrobial peptide PG-3 on the function of intestinal barrier in mammals were studied to provide a basis for the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry production and a feasible approach for improving the quality and efficiency of animal husbandry. Methods 36 male mice aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into three groups including the phosphate buffered saline solution group (control), the Salmonella typhimurium group (ST), and the Salmonella typhimurium combined with antimicrobial peptide PG-3 group (ST+AMPS), 12 mice in each group. The content of MDA and the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, MPO were measured after 14 days of continuous feeding. Results The content of MDA and the activity of MPO in ST increased by 0.18 nmol/mgprot and 1.1 U/g, the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in ST decreased by 3.15 U/mg and 0.09 nmol/L, compared with that in control. The content of MDA and the activity of GSH-Px in ST+AMPS increased by 0.02 nmol/mg and 0.02 nmol/L, the activity of SOD and MPO in ST+AMPS decreased by 0.48 U/mg and 0.005 U/g, compared with that in control. Conclusions Antimicrobial peptide PG-3 can restore the body weight of mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium to normal levels, with significant antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects, while protecting the antioxidant capacity of animals as well. It will provide a theoretical basis for the use of antimicrobial peptide PG-3 as a substitute for antibiotics in animal husbandry production.

Objectives Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) was used to express antimicrobial immune peptide Scygonadin (Scy) and the effects of EcN-Scy on alleviating colitis were evaluated to provide theoretical basis for the development of novel substitutes for antibiotic. Methods The vector pnirBMisl (pnir) and the target gene of antimicrobial peptide Scy were amplified with PCR, and the recombinant vector EcN-Scy was obtained by homologous recombination connection. Twenty 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, DSS group, DSS+EcN group, and DSS+EcN Scy group. The mice were orally administered with PBS, EcN bacterial solution, or EcN-Scy bacterial solution every 2 days and their body weight was recorded. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Except for the control group, the other three groups were induced colitis by adding 3% DSS to their drinking water from day 0 to day 7. Mice were killed on day 14 after anesthesia, and samples of serum and colon tissue were collected for testing. Results EcN-Scy treatment significantly alleviated the weight loss in mice (P<0.05) and the symptoms of colon shortening caused by DSS (P<0.05), and significantly improved the structure of colonic villi compared with DSS group. The level of ALP and Urea in serum in the DSS+EcN-Scy group was significantly increased by 28.6 U/L and 1.35 mol/L (P<0.05) compared with that in DSS group. The level of TBil and LDH had a decreasing trend (P>0.05). The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP1, and IL-1 β in the serum of the DSS+EcN-Scy group was significantly reduced by 18.9%, 50.9%, and 8.9%, respectively (P<0.05), and the level of MCP1 and IL-6 in the colon were reduced by 40.4% and 21.9%, respectively (P<0.05) compared with that in the DSS group. Conclusions The antimicrobial immune peptide Scy was successfully expressed with the engineered bacterium EcN, which has a significant effect on alleviating colitis in mice. It can improve the weight loss, colon shortening, and morphological damages in mice induced by DSS, and reduce the level of inflammatory factors in serum and colon.

鸡病毒性关节炎是由呼肠孤病毒（Reovirus）引起的一种传染病，主要临床特征为关节炎和生长迟缓。近年来，该病在国内养鸡业中传播范围逐渐扩大，对养殖户造成了严重的经济损失。本文系统探讨了鸡病毒性关节炎的病原特性、临床表征观察及实验室检测技术和诊断方法。在防治方面，提出了通过提升饲养管理水平、优化免疫接种程序以及结合中西医疗法等综合防控策略，以期为国内养鸡业的健康发展提供参考依据。

Objectives The innovative technology of heating with Internet + air energy heat source pump was developed and promoted to improve the effect of heating and ease of operation of heat source pump system in broiler farms. Methods The air energy heat source pump system obtained low-temperature heat source through natural energy (storage of air heat), and became a high-temperature heat source for heating after the system efficiently collecting and integrating heat. On this basis, the mobile phone card was connected with the control system of air energy heat source pump, and interconnected them into a network to realize remote control of the heating system. Results 8 large-scale broiler farms in Wulian County, Shandong Province installed 79 sets of systems of heating with air energy heat source pump and connected with mobile phone cards for remote control. The energy efficiency ratio was up to 420%, reducing approximately 4 452.93 tons of carbon emissions annually and increasing economic benefits by 6.32 million yuan. Conclusions The innovative technology developed has the advantages of low-carbon and environment-friendly, economic investment, low consumption of operating energy, reasonable system configuration, and easy operation, meeting the demand of heating for the production in broiler farms.

Objectives The course "Labor Education" for agriculture-related majors was reformed and innovated to adapt to situations and requirements in the new era and to train skilled talents with high quality specialized in the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. Methods The animal husbandry and veterinary medicine major of higher vocational colleges was used as an example to conduct the reform and practice in terms of analyzing the situation of learning, teaching designing implementing, and reflecting the teaching. Results Innovative practices including restructuring the content of course, exploring the six-step process of teaching, innovating the " core courses of major +" labor mode, achieving fruitful results in the integration of multi-innovation, and improving value-added evaluation were carried out. Students improved their spirit and skills of labor, competitions of skills, and competitions of innovation and entrepreneurship through four semesters of studying the "Labor Education" course, providing a reference for training the "labor+skills+ innovation and entrepreneurship" and multi-innovation abilities of students in the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine major of higher vocational colleges. But it is necessary to strengthen the evaluation of labor, stimulate the enthusiasm of students, and eliminate students' fear of difficulties. Conclusions The reform and innovation of the course "Labor Education" is a practical need to deepen labor education in higher education institutions, and it is an inevitable path for training the skilled talents with high quality specialized in the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine in the new era. It will provide a certain reference for the reform of the course "Labor Education" in agriculture related higher education institutions.

T/ESL 32002—2023《饲料添加剂 酵母硒》团体标准规范了饲料添加剂酵母硒产品的技术与质量要求，填补了国内标准空白，为我国有机硒源类饲料添加剂酵母硒的生产提供了技术支撑。本文介绍了该标准制定的背景，分析了有关标准名称和适用范围、技术要求、产品成分分析保证值、卫生指标、检测方法、检验规则以及标签、包装、运输、贮存和保质期的条文，解释了标准的亮点，解析了一些容易引起困惑或误解的技术要点，为该标准的推广和应用提供了指导。

Objectives The diversity of wild germplasm in Desmodium Desv. and its value of medicine and feeding as resources of forage with high-quality were evaluated to provide a basis for the further studies on feeding animals and promoting the utilization of Desmodium Desv. plants. Methods The status, genetic diversity, chemical composition, and the value of feeding in germplasm of Desmodium Desv. were systematically analyzed by reviewing relevant literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) over the past 20 years. Results The germplasm of Desmodium Desv. has abundant biodiversity and good potential of feeding. Desmodium Desv. plants have strong adaptability to the environment, wide applications, and high nutritional value. They are a legume forage with great potential for development and utilization, and are suitable as a new type of feed for animal husbandry. Conclusions The introduction and domestication of Desmodium Desv. should be strengthened, germplasm of Desmodium Desv. with high-quality should be selected, more comprehensive value of feeding should be mined to scientifically and reasonably utilize this kind of feeding to achieve its widespread application and sustainable development in modern animal husbandry.

猪轮状病毒病是一种人畜共患的传染病，轮状病毒是引起仔猪腹泻的主要病原体之一，近年来规模化养猪场猪轮状病毒感染病例不断增多，给养猪业造成了一定的经济损失。本文阐述了猪轮状病毒病的流行特征、临床症状、病理学变化，并提出科学饲养、仔猪日常保健、中西医药物和疫苗免疫等有效的防治措施，旨在为猪轮状病毒感染的防控提供参考。

Objectives The effects of different levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on the production performance of laying hens were studied to provide reference for the utilization of diets with low soybean meal and low protein in livestock and poultry production. Methods 1 080 laying hens aged 36 weeks with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 36 chickens in each replicate. They were fed with basic diets supplemented with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. The basic diet was corn-soybean meal, and the diets of each group were isocaloric and isonitrogenic. The experiments lasted 35 days. Results The weight of egg decreased linearly, while the ratio of feed to egg, and a^* value and b^* value of eggshell color increased linearly with the increase of the level of adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to the diet of laying hens. There was a quadratic change in the height of concentrated protein and the Ha unit of eggs, while the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum decreased linearly. The addition of 2.5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to the diet of laying hens significantly increased the height of concentrated protein and Hasse units of eggs, while reduced the yolk color of eggs (P<0.05) compared with the control group. Diets supplemented with 7.5% and 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture significantly reduced the egg quality(P<0.05). Adding 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to the diet significantly reduced the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in serum of laying hens (P<0.05). Conclusions It is indicated that adding 2.5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to the diet of laying hens is the optimal dosage under the conditions of this experiment.

为推动贵州山区肉牛产业发展，笔者全面梳理了贵州安顺肉牛产业发展基本情况。结果发现：安顺肉牛产业家庭牧场模式具有良好的发展优势，劳动力成本低、养殖历史悠久、饲料成本低，且在政策支持和联农带农的保障下，可带动群众成为肉牛产业发展的主力军。但买牛资源少、养殖主体积极性差、产业体系配套不完善、养殖效益不高、融资困难等问题制约了产业加快发展。针对存在的问题，提出了对策建议：建立“牛超市”解决买牛难，依托技术服务解决“养牛难”，依托龙头企业带动解决“卖牛难”，依托金融支持解决“资金难”。

Objectives The effects of compound microecological agents on the immunity, production performance, intestinal health, utilization efficiency of feed and other aspects of sows were studied. Methods The studies on the application of compound microecological agents in the feed for sows including types of agents, dosages of addition, and stages of use in recent years were summarized by reviewing the relevant literature. Results Compound microbial agents had positive effects in enhancing the immunity of sows, improving the productivity of sows, improving the balance of gut microbiota in sows, and increasing the utilization efficiency of feed. They effectively reduced the incidence of diseases in sows, improved the reproductive performance of sows, and promoted the growth and development of piglets. Conclusions Compound microbial agents have broad application prospects in the feed for sows, but there are differences in the effects under different agents and condition of usage. In-depth studies are further needed to optimize the schemes of application and obtain better benefits of farming.

结合湖北天门市养殖环节病死猪无害化处理工作对应用处理工艺技术、收集体系建设、生物安全防范、政策保障、监管模式等方面的实践分析，对病死猪流向餐桌、与动物疫情监测部门联动、与保险联动、政策性补助正常增长机制等问题进行了思考，只有加快构建科学高效的病死动物无害化处理长效机制，才能为当地动物疫病防控、畜牧业健康发展和畜产品质量安全提供有力保障。

雏鸡孵化是种鸡产业的重要组成部分，承担着将合格的受精种蛋转化为健康雏鸡的核心任务。为此，本文从种蛋质检、验蛋落盘、种蛋熏蒸、设备与环境的消毒、翻蛋、孵化参数设置及通风管理等关键方面简述了影响雏鸡孵化的因素，以期为实际孵化过程中改善雏鸡质量与降本增效提供借鉴。

[Objects]The value of feeding and medicine in chicory varieties including Puna, Jiangjun, Daye, and G5 was compared to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new chicory varieties used for both medicine and feed. Methods The phenol-sulfuric acid method was used to determine the total sugar in the fresh leaves, dried leaves and roots of chicory indoor. The 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of reducing sugars and calculate the content of chicory polysaccharides. Random block experiments were conducted in residential areas to determine the yield of fresh grass and root underground. Seven common nutritional components were determined during the period of sitting lotus. LSD method was used to make variance analysis (ANOVA) on the yield of fresh grass and root. Results The content of chicory polysaccharide in dried grass was higher than that in fresh grass, with less content in leaves and the highest content in roots. The yield of root in the new chicory variety G5 reached 364 kg/667 m², and the content of chicory polysaccharides in the root reached 42.53 g/kg, both of which were the highest among all varieties. At the same time, its yield of fresh grass was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties, reaching 7161 kg/667 m². The content of crude protein and crude fat in the chicory variety G5 was 25.48% and 3.17%, higher than that in the other three chicory varieties. Conclusions Chicory variety G5 had high content of polysaccharide, high yield of fresh grass and root underground, and high value of nutrition, showing good value of medicine and feeding.

Objectives A reasonable concentrate-roughage ratio of diet was studied to improve the milk production performance of dairy cows. Methods 48 Holstein cows from China aged 3-5 years were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 12 cows in each group. They were fed with concentrate-to-roughage ratios of diet as 50∶50, 60∶40, 65∶35, and 70∶30, and numbered as the group A, group B, group C, and group D. The preliminary experiment lasted for 7 days, and the formal experiment period was 30 days. The milk production performance and milk quality of dairy cows in each group were investigated. Results The milk performance and milk quality of dairy cows were significantly improved with the increase of the concentrate-to-roughage ratios of diet. After feeding cows in the group with high concentrate-to-roughage ratios of diet (group C and group D) for 30 days, their daily milk production reached 21.51 and 22.65 kg, while the conversion rate of feed decreased significantly. The rate of milk protein and total milk solid in group C and group D increased significantly, with 3.17% and 11.87%, and 3.19% and 11.97%, respectively. The milk quality of the two groups is relatively similar. Conclusions Increasing the concentrate-to-roughage ratios of diet within a certain range can effectively increase the milk production performance of dairy cows, improve the milk quality. Feeding a diet with a concentrate-to-roughage ratio of 65∶35 has the best effect taking into account cost factors and under the conditions of current experiment.

Objectives The article aims to cultivate "know agriculture, love rural areas, love farmers, able to start a business, dare to start a business" talents for the agricultural, rural and farmer-related industries. Methods The article constructs a "four-in-one" specialized and entrepreneurial integration teaching model that integrates course and ideological education, job-based learning, competitions, and certifications, as well as production and education integration and practical and entrepreneurial practice integration for the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine major. The model has been repeatedly practiced. Results A number of landmark achievements have been achieved, promoting the three-teaching reform, and providing reference for cultivating the "entrepreneurial ability" of students in the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine major of vocational colleges. Conclusion The promotion of this model is the realistic demand for deepening the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, an important approach to improving the quality of talent cultivation in vocational colleges' animal husbandry and veterinary medicine majors, and an inevitable path for cultivating high-quality new-type agricultural and animal husbandry talents in the new era.

猪舍内的温湿度是影响育肥猪生长性能的重要环境因素，与猪场盈利息息相关。为此，本文简述了猪舍内最适的温湿度范围，分析了温湿度过高或过低对育肥猪生长性能（包括育肥猪生长速度、采食量、饲料转化率、免疫功能等）的影响。当猪只处于适宜的温湿度范围内（最适温度范围为18～23 ℃，最适湿度范围为50%～80%），其新陈代谢较稳定，此时体内的能量主要用于猪只生长和脂肪积累，猪的生长性能达到最佳，从而能获得更高的经济效益。

Objectives The protective mechanism of selenium against cellular damage in animals at the cellular level was reviewed to provide reference for the application of selenium in animal production. Methods The multiple physiological functions of selenium were summarized. The effects of selenium on alleviating oxidative stress, enhancing immune function, and antagonizing toxic elements in livestock and poultry under cellular damage were discussed. Results Selenium has the effects of antioxidant stress, enhancing immune function, and antagonizing toxic elements. It can be used as a good alternative to antibiotics to improve the production performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and the intestinal health of poultry. Conclusions Selenium can be used as an effective antidote and protector in animal production.Current studies on selenium regulation of cellular damage in animals are relatively less focused on livestock,and there are few reports on the synergistic and correlated regulatory mechanisms between signaling pathways and other signaling pathways, which require further in-depth study.

断奶前仔猪存活率是衡量生猪养殖效益的重要指标之一。但断奶前仔猪具有消化系统发育不成熟、先天免疫能力不足、体温调节能力差及生长代谢旺盛等生理特点，极易受到营养、环境及疾病等因素影响。在实际生产过程中，若饲养环境不卫生、喂养不科学及护理不当等，断奶仔猪则易出现感冒、腹泻、消化不良或疾病感染等问题，这不仅会减缓其生长发育速度，同时也会降低其存活率，对猪场造成严重的经济损失。为此，作者根据自身工作经历，并结合断奶前仔猪的生理特点，从接产管理、饲喂需求、环境调控、疾病预防及母猪护理五方面详细分析了其有效管理措施，以构建更为科学合理的养殖策略，从而为广大生猪养猪户提供参考。

Objectives Different techniques for determining the content of mercury in feed were reviewed to provide a basis for selecting methods of detecting mercury in different types of feed to ensure the quality and safety of feed. Methods The development status, the advantages and disadvantages, and the application of the technique for detecting the content of mercury in feed were systematically analyzed by reviewing the relevant literature. Results Some methods commonly used for detecting mercury in feed currently have the advantages of high sensitivity and good accuracy, but they also have certain limitations including high requirements for pretreating sample and expensive cost of instrument and equipment. Conclusions The existing detection technology should be further optimized. The study and application of new detection methods should be strengthened to improve the efficiency and accuracy of detecting and provide diversified options for detecting the content of mercury in feed to better meet the needs of feed quality and safety supervision.

Objectives The effects of adding a combination of acidifier and plant essential oil on the growth performance of piglets were studied to provide reference for its application of antibiotic alternatives in the healthy farming of piglets. Methods A total of 420 French binary weaned piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups based on body weight, with 4 replicates in each group and 35 piglets in each replicate. The piglets were fed with basal diet (control group), basal diet+3 kg/t acidifier+0.4 kg/t plant essential oil (alternative for antibiotic group), basal diet+0.5 kg/t neomycin sulfate (antibiotic group). The experimental period was 42 d and the refueling was weighed at the end of 14 d and 42 d. Results The ADFI and ADG of the piglets in the two experimental stages(breeding and nursery piglets) of the alternative for antibiotic group increased by 4.2% and 4.9%, 8.5% and 7.4%, respectively,and the FCR decreased by 4.1% and 2.0% compared with that of the control group. The fecal shape and coat color of piglets were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the effect was better than that of the antibiotic group. Conclusions It is indicated that adding a combination of acidifiers and plant essential oils to piglet diets can significantly improve the growth performance of piglets, reduce piglet diarrhea and improve the coat color of piglets.

Objectives The path of deeply integrating industry and education in higher vocational colleges was studied to promote the high-quality development of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine majors in higher vocational colleges. Methods Jingzhou Institute of Technology was used to establish a symbiotic platform of "industry-education-enterprise- institute" centered around the high-quality development of animal husbandry and veterinary majors in higher vocational education with regional industries as the main guidance, enterprise demand as the focus, talent training as the foundation, teams of dual-professional teacher as the main force, applied researches as the characteristic, and achievement transformation as the driving force. The principle of "joint construction and management, achievements and risks shared" was followed to promote deep cooperation between schools and enterprises, and the deep integration of industry and education according to local conditions. Results The construction of courses for animal husbandry and veterinary majors, talent training, teams of dual-professional teacher, and the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements had a virtuous cycle of development through exploration and repeated practice. Conclusions The operation of the symbiotic platform of "industry-education-enterprise- institute" in higher vocational colleges promoted the deep integration of industry and education, and played a driving role in the high-quality development of animal husbandry and veterinary majors in higher vocational colleges.

为提高蛋鸡养殖经济效益，降低养殖成本，减少疫病发生。笔者结合多年畜牧业临床研究以及文献查阅，对集约化蛋鸡养殖过程中智能养殖技术的应用进行综述。智能化养殖技术在集约化蛋鸡养殖中起着不可忽视的作用，对于蛋鸡生产效益以及生产性能提升有很大影响。合理利用智能化环控技术、饲喂技术、疫病辨识技术，可以更好地促进蛋鸡养殖业健康发展，有效提高蛋鸡及其产品质量。

犊牛作为规模牛场养殖的一个特殊群体，是牛场“后备军”。为了提高犊牛冬季成活率、免疫力、抵抗力，为将来的生产性能奠定良好基础，需要在饲养管理上更加重视。笔者通过调查犊牛养殖现状、查找相关资料，并结合实际探讨规模牛场冬季犊牛饲养管理的重要性，并从环境控制、营养调控、健康管理3个方面总结出了饲养管理要点，以期为规模牛场犊牛饲养管理提供理论指导和实践优化方案。

车辆管控与洗消是猪场生物安全体系的重要一环，对提高猪场的疫病防控能力至关重要。为了提高规模化猪场生物安全水平，本文以猪场的生物安全体系为出发点综述了规模化猪场的车辆管理与洗消要点，尤其是完备的猪场洗消系统通过多模块联动实现了病菌的高效杀灭，既能节约能耗，又能提高人员工作效率，应当大力推广与应用。

Objectives The effects of different levels of nutrition in feed on the performance of fattening and economic benefits of hybrid beef cattle were studied to optimize the nutrition formula and fattening plan for hybrid beef cattle. Methods 90 Simmental crossbred bulls with similar body weight, physical condition, and health were randomly divided into the experimental group Ⅰfed with high level of protein in diet, the group Ⅱ fed with medium level of protein in diet and the group Ⅲ fed with low high level of protein in diet. The feeding experiment lasted 300 days. The body weight, the cost of feed, and the economic benefits of beef cattle were measured and analyzed. Results The total weight gain in the group I, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ reached 277.7-337.1 kg, with an average daily gain of 925.7-1 123.6 g. The difference in total weight gain and average daily weight gain during the period of fattening between the experimental group I and the experimental group Ⅱ was not significant (P>0.05), but both were significantly higher than that in the experimental group Ⅲ (P<0.05). The cost of feed in the experimental group Ⅲ during the period of fattening was the highest, reaching 6 558 yuan/head, followed by that in the experimental group Ⅱ and the experimental group I, at 5 796 yuan/head and 5 298 yuan/head, respectively. The net profit in the experimental group Ⅱ was 1 242 yuan/head, which was the highest among the three experimental groups, higher than that in the experimental group I and the experimental group Ⅲ at 543 yuan/head and 519 yuan/head, respectively. Conclusions It can be determined that the level of nutrition in the experimental group Ⅱ is most suitable for fattening hybrid beef cattle based on comprehensively analyzing the weight gain and economic benefits in each experimental group during the period of fattening.

Objectives The key techniques of planting Mulato Ⅱ Brachiaria grass under walnut forests were studied to ensure a stable feed supply for the local beef cattle industry. Methods Three treatments including monoculture of Mulato Ⅱ Brachiaria grass, a mixed culture of Dactylis glomerata, perennial ryegrass, and white clover, and a monoculture of giant king grass were set up in the same walnut orchard in Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province for comparative planting experiment, with four replicates for each treatment. The production adaptability and stress resistance were observed, the biological yield was measured, and the economic benefits were calculated. Results Mulato Ⅱ was the dominant population after 25 days of sowing. The fresh grass yield of Mulato Ⅱ in 2022 and 2023 was 47 848.9 and 73 870.25 kg/hm², respectively, 66.9% and 87.2% higher than that of the mixed culture. However, the giant king grass did not meet the yield standards for two consecutive years. The average annual economic benefit of Mulato Ⅱ Brachiaria grass in 2022 and 2023 was 4 790.39 yuan/hm², higher than that of the mixed culture. Conclusions Mulato Ⅱ Brachiaria grass has a fast growth rate, strong resistance to local grass invasion, high heat and high humidity tolerance, and is green all year round with almost no pests and diseases. It can be promoted and planted as a high-yield and high-quality forage under walnut forests in areas at an altitude of 700-1 700 meters.

在蛋鸡的养殖过程中，大肠杆菌为一种常见的病原，尤其是对雏鸡的易感性最高，而且一旦感染，就会迅速在鸡群中流行，导致大量蛋雏鸡出现发病和死亡的情况，给养殖场造成非常严重的经济损失。在蛋鸡的在养殖过程中，注意加强饲养管理，加强消毒工作，避免在养殖过程中发生该病。一旦发病，要及时应用药物进行治疗，降低鸡群的发病率和死亡率，减少损失。本文通过对蛋雏鸡大肠杆菌病进行详细的归纳和总结，旨在为广大蛋鸡养殖场提供参考。

Objectives The cause of abnormal morbidity and mortality in piglets in a pig farming enterprise in Guizhou Province was diagnosed to provide reference for preventing and controlling disease in pig farming enterprises. Methods The heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, lymph nodes and other tissues from 2 sick piglets aged 3-14 days were collected aseptically. Diagnosis was conducted with laboratory diagnostic methods including clinical observation, pathological dissection, isolation and culture of bacteria, and fluorescence quantitative PCR detection. Results There were symptoms including poor appetite, emaciation, and fever in affected pigs via clinical observation. There was peritonitis with gas accumulation in the intestines, congestion of mesenteric lymph nodes, gastric ulcer, and necrosis of the spleen edge via pathological dissection. No colonies were grown in the isolation and culture of bacteria. The results of fluorescent quantitative PCR detection showed that there was a significant exponential growth curve for porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). No Ct value of foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine rotavirus, and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus was detected. Conclusions The dead piglets in the pig farm were infected with a mixture of PRV, PCV2, and PEDV. The main methods of prevention and control are vaccine immunization and improvement in biosafety protection.

猪链球菌病是一种对养猪业危害严重且具有人畜共患风险的疾病。本文详细阐述了猪链球菌病的病原学与流行病学特征，介绍了不同类型病例的临床症状与病理变化，重点论述了猪链球菌病的检疫方法，并强调了猪场生物安全管理、消毒与卫生措施、疫苗免疫和药物预防与治疗的重要性。同时，提出建立疫情监测体系，明确疫情预警、报告及应急处理措施，旨在为猪链球菌病的有效检疫与防控提供参考，降低其对养猪业和公共卫生的影响。

犬瘟热是一种危害较大的犬类传染性疾病，本文通过分析1例成功病例的诊断和治疗，旨在为同类型疾病的鉴别诊断方法、治疗措施和预防提供参考，从而提高犬瘟热的治愈率。在接诊过程中笔者根据临床症状的诊断和流行性病学资料，初步诊断该病犬感染犬瘟热病毒病。随后用犬瘟热试剂卡检验为阳性，确诊其感染了犬瘟热病毒。对该犬注射抗犬瘟热血清（对因治疗）的同时，并配合应用抗菌药物对症治疗。经过治疗和照顾，该犬在8 d后痊愈出院。

Objectives The current status of developing mutton sheep industry in China was studied and the research hotspots were analyzed to provide data support for the sustainable development of the meat sheep industry. Methods A knowledge map of relevant literatures with the theme of " mutton sheep" from EI, Peking University Core, CSCD, and CSSCI sources in the CNKI journal database was drawn and analyzed based on CiteSpace 6.3.R1 (64 bit) bibliometric software. Results The number of literatures published on the development of mutton sheep industry in China is increasing, with Diao Qiyu being the scholar with the highest number of papers, and the Institute of Feed/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences being the institution with the highest number of papers. Institutions are scattered, with significantly different research fields and directions. The studies on the development of mutton sheep industry mainly focused on three aspects including the performance, the breeds of mutton sheep, and the industrial benefits. The research hotspots have evolved from aspects including the reproduction, feeding management, and breeds of mutton sheep to their economic benefits, health management, and production performance, and further to industrial development, green and healthy breeding, and product promotion. Conclusions The research hotspots have undergone three major shifts: from macro to micro, from holistic to partial, and from focusing solely on production to balancing both environment and benefits. Studies on the models and technological innovation of industry are two major research hotspots.

Objectives An efficient and scientific system of training talents by integrating vocational college education with undergraduate education was established. Methods The seamless integration and progressive training of 3-year vocational education and 2-year undergraduate education in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine major was conducted. The objectives of training three levels of abilities including the basic ability, professional ability, and innovative ability were clarified to train compound talents with solid theoretical foundation and excellent practical skills and innovative spirit. Results The model established effectively enhanced the comprehensive quality and employment competitiveness of students trained. Students acquired solid professional knowledge and possessed strong practical skills and innovative thinking after graduation, meeting the society's demand for high-quality and high skilled talents. The model established promoted the close connection between universities and society as well, providing strong support of talents for the development of the animal husbandry and veterinary industry. Conclusions The implementation of the model of training talents based on the "Three Two Progression" of ability achieved the seamless integration and progressive training between vocational education and undergraduate education, effectively promoting the comprehensive improvement of abilities of students, further promoting the improvement in quality of training talents, and providing strong guarantee for talents in developing animal husbandry and veterinary industry. It will provide useful reference and guidance for training talents in other majors.

Objectives The methods of certificating course with process-based assessment under the two apprenticeship systems were studied by organically integrating the modern apprenticeship system with the new apprenticeship system in enterprises to help to evaluate effect of teaching, achieve goals of training talents, and improve the quality of talent trained. Methods The college cooperated with several enterprises. The enterprises adopted a mentorship approach to instruct apprentices while the college was responsible for training employees from enterprises based on programs of training talents. The practice of skills for job seeking and the learning of theoretical knowledge was conducted with two-way cooperation to promote the deep integration of joint education between colleges and enterprises. Results Both the college and enterprises jointly developed a program of training talents in group of major based on the rules of training technical and skilled talents and the requirements of career in the group of animal husbandry and veterinary majors. The system of courses in group of majors was studied and practiced. The process-based assessment and evaluation was conducted. The plans of process-based assessment under the two modes were developed. Conclusions The practice of process-based assessment under the modern apprenticeship system and new apprenticeship system in enterprises helps to check the effect of teaching, achieve the goals of training talent, improve the quality of talents trained, and promote the reform of majors.

为了推动内蒙古通辽市牧草产业的进一步发展，本文介绍了通辽市草原资源、牧草种类及区域布局特点；分析了通辽市牧草产业发展的现状；简述了通辽市牧草产业发展面临的挑战：种植面积与分布不均衡，品种单一与技术瓶颈，市场需求波动与风险；提出了通辽市牧草产业发展对策：优化种植布局与品种结构，加强技术研发与推广，拓展市场与稳定需求，强化生态环境保护。

Objectives To reveal the growth and development patterns of Jianzhou big-eared goat and guide scientific breeding management. Methods The production performance records of the fourth generation core group of Jianzhou big-eared goat from 2010 to 2020 in the original breeding farm were sorted and analyzed to examine the correlation between body weight and body size growth from birth to adulthood. Results The body weight and body measurements of male and female sheep aged 0–8 months showed a linear upward trend, with very rapid growth and development speed, which slowed down after 8 months of age. The relative growth change curves during different growth periods indicate that early growth intensity of male lambs is smaller than that of female lambs, but surpasses the females after reaching 4 months of age. The daily weight gains before weaning at 0–2 months reached 200.83 g and 199.67 g for male and female lambs, respectively. The average daily weight gain from 4–6 months was 158.00 g for males and 100.00 g for females. Over the entire growth period from 0–30 months, daily weight gains showed males consistently surpassed females. During the entire 0–30 months period, there were significant differences in body weight and highly significant differences in body measurements between males and females, with both the body weight and body measurements of males being markedly higher than those of females. Conclusions Jianzhou big-eared goat show extremely rapid growth and development from 0 to 8 months, characterized by fast early growth rates. Across the entire 0–30 months growth period, daily weight gain, body weight, and body measurements of males were consistently higher than those of females.