Objectives To reveal the growth and development patterns of Jianzhou big-eared goat and guide scientific breeding management. Methods The production performance records of the fourth generation core group of Jianzhou big-eared goat from 2010 to 2020 in the original breeding farm were sorted and analyzed to examine the correlation between body weight and body size growth from birth to adulthood. Results The body weight and body measurements of male and female sheep aged 0–8 months showed a linear upward trend, with very rapid growth and development speed, which slowed down after 8 months of age. The relative growth change curves during different growth periods indicate that early growth intensity of male lambs is smaller than that of female lambs, but surpasses the females after reaching 4 months of age. The daily weight gains before weaning at 0–2 months reached 200.83 g and 199.67 g for male and female lambs, respectively. The average daily weight gain from 4–6 months was 158.00 g for males and 100.00 g for females. Over the entire growth period from 0–30 months, daily weight gains showed males consistently surpassed females. During the entire 0–30 months period, there were significant differences in body weight and highly significant differences in body measurements between males and females, with both the body weight and body measurements of males being markedly higher than those of females. Conclusions Jianzhou big-eared goat show extremely rapid growth and development from 0 to 8 months, characterized by fast early growth rates. Across the entire 0–30 months growth period, daily weight gain, body weight, and body measurements of males were consistently higher than those of females.