目的 探索新生儿出生体质量与成年后尿微量蛋白及尿肌酐之间的相关性及因果关联。 方法 通过采取全基因组关联分析，本课题组从数据集中提取出具有明显影响力的遗传位点作为工具变量，并将其依次通过逆方差加权（inverse variance weighted，IVW）法、加权中位数法、孟德尔随机化-Egger回归（Mendelian randomization-Egger regression，MR-Egger）及孟德尔随机化-异常值检测和校正方法（Mendelian randomization-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier，MR-PRESSO）结果来表明新生儿出生体质量与成年后尿微量蛋白质、尿肌酐的因果关系。并回顾性纳入2005年1月至2007年1月在山西省儿童医院新生儿科住院的新生儿113例作为研究对象，收集新生儿期及成年期的相关临床数据。采用Pearson相关分析确定新生儿出生体质量与成年后尿微量蛋白及尿肌酐之间的相关性。 结果 MR-IVW检验结果显示，新生儿出生体质量与成年后尿微量蛋白（P=0.037）及尿肌酐（P=0.015）的关联效应差异均有统计学意义。经过回顾性研究，发现2组新生儿在除出生体质量以外的其他变量方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。此外，通过Pearson相关分析，本课题组发现新生儿出生时的体质量与尿微量蛋白呈负相关（r=-0.78，P=0.015），但与尿肌酐呈正相关（r=0.78，P=0.018）。 结论 新生儿出生体质量与成年后尿微量蛋白呈负相关；新生儿出生体质量与成年后尿肌酐呈正相关。

Objective To investigate the correlation and causal relationship between neonatal birth weight and urinary microproteins and creatinine in adulthood. Methods Genome-wide association studies were conducted to extract genetic loci with significant influence from dataset as instrumental variables，and they were analyzed by inverse variance weighted（IVW），weighted median，MR Egger，and MR-PRESSO methods to investigate the causal relationship between neonatal birth weight and urinary microproteins and creatinine in adulthood. A retrospective analysis was performed for 113 neonates who were admitted to Department of Neonatology，Shanxi Children’s Hospital，from January 2005 to January 2007，and related data were collected during the neonatal and adult stages. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between neonatal birth weight and urinary microproteins and creatinine in adulthood. Results The MR-IVW test showed that neonatal birth weight had a statistically significant correlation with urinary microproteins（P=0.037） and urinary creatinine（P=0.015） in adulthood. The retrospective study showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in all variables except body weight（P>0.05）. In addition，the Pearson correlation analysis showed that neonatal birth weight was negatively correlated with urinary microproteins（r=-0.78，P=0.015） and was positively correlated with urinary creatinine（r=0.78，P=0.018）. Conclusion Neonatal birth weight is negatively correlated with urinary microproteins and is positively correlated with urinary creatinine in adulthood.