目的 探讨中国老年人群的生活习惯与抑郁症状的关联情况。 方法 研究对象从2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查（China health and retirement longitudinal study，CHARLS）报告中纳入的60岁及以上的8 543例老年人。使用10项流调中心抑郁水平评定量表（the center for epidemiological studies depression scale，CES-D）评估抑郁症状，并提取吸烟、饮酒、运动、社交、夜间睡眠5个生活习惯作为自变量。采用卡方检验进行单因素分析，再以抑郁评分为因变量，使用多因素线性回归分析生活习惯与抑郁症的关联。 结果 在8 543例研究对象中，40.62%（3 470例）存在抑郁症状。多因素分析显示，吸烟、从不饮酒（95%CI=0.290~0.875，P<0.001）、夜间睡眠<6 h（95%CI=1.655~2.261，P<0.001）、缺乏运动（95%CI=0.126~0.597，P=0.003）是抑郁的危险因素。相反，戒烟（95%CI=-0.657~0.067，P=0.110）或从未吸烟（95%CI=-0.695~0.006，P=0.054）、良好的睡眠（7～8 h）（95%CI=-0.495~0.160，P=0.054）、饮酒1月少于1次（95%CI=-0.085~0.829，P=0.110）社交行为（95%CI=-0.454~0.006，P=0.056）是抑郁的保护性因素。 结论 相对于遗传因素，生活习惯的可干预性为老年人群的抑郁症预防提供了现实可行的路径。良好的生活习惯，如戒烟、保持适量运动、适度社交和充足睡眠，是减少抑郁症状发生风险的有效手段。未来研究应进一步探讨这些因素的长期影响，并考虑更广泛的社会、心理和生理因素。

Objective To investigate the association between living habits and depressive symptoms among the elderly population in China. Methods A total of 8 543 elderly individuals with an age of 60 years or above who were included in the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（CHARLS） report were enrolled as subjects. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale（CES-D） was used to assess depressive symptoms，and five living habits （smoking，alcohol consumption，exercise，social interaction，and nighttime sleep） were extracted as independent variables. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis，and then a multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between living habits and depression with depression score as the dependent variable. Results Among the 8543 subjects，3470（40.62%） exhibited depressive symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed that smoking，never drinking alcohol（95%CI= 0.290-0.875，P<0.001），nighttime sleep for <6 hours（95%CI=1.655-2.261，P<0.001），and a lack of exercise（95%CI=0.126-0.597，P=0.003） were risk factors for depression. On the contrary，smoking cessation（95%CI=-0.657-0.067，P=0.110），never smoking（95%CI=-0.695-0.006，P=0.054），good sleep（7-8 hours）（95%CI=-0.495-0.160，P=0.054），drinking less than once a month（95%CI=-0.085-0.829，P=0.110），and social behavior（95%CI=-0.454-0.006，P=0.056） were protective factors against depression. Conclusion Compared with genetic factors，the intervention for living habits provide practical pathways for the prevention of depression in the elderly. Healthy living habits，such as smoking cessation，regular exercise，moderate social engagement，and sufficient sleep，are effective ways to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term impacts of these factors and consider broader social，psychological，and physiological aspects.