目的 检测不同物种肋骨骨质参数与微观力学参数并分析其差异，探索利用肋骨上述参数鉴别不同物种的可行性。 方法 提取人、猪、牛、羊、猴的左侧第四肋骨起始于肋软骨外约1 cm、长1 cm肋骨，利用Micro-CT检测上述物种肋骨的皮质骨厚度、骨密度（bone mineral density，BMD）、骨小梁数量（trabecular number，Tb.N）、骨小梁厚度（trabecular thickness，Tb.Th）、组织体积（tissue volume，TV）、组织表面积（tissue surface，TS）、骨体积（bone volume，BV）、骨表面积（bone surface，BS）、BV/TV、BS/BV、BS/TV、骨小梁分离度（trabecular separation，Tb.SP）等骨质参数，利用纳米压痕技术检测经煮沸后的肋骨与新鲜肋骨骨皮质的压痕硬度（indentation hardness，HIT）、压缩模量（elastic modulus，EIT）并分析上述参数在不同物种间的差异。 结果 骨质参数检测中，TV、TS、BS/TV、BS/BV、Tb.SP、Tb.N 6个参数能将人肋骨样本与猪、牛、羊、猴完全区分开来，而BV参数人肋骨样本只有与牛（P=0.001）、羊（P=0.001）差异有统计学意义；BS参数人类样本只与牛肋骨样本差异无统计学意义（P=0.304）；BV/TV参数人肋骨样本只与牛（P=0.025）、猴样本（P=0.002）差异有统计学意义；Tb.Th参数人只与牛（P=0.001）、猴样本（P=0.003）差异有统计学意义；BMD参数只有人肋骨样本与猪有统计学意义（P=0.006）；肋骨骨皮质厚度除人与牛肋骨骨皮质差异无统计学意义外（P=0.579），与其余物种差异均有统计学意义。力学性能检测方面，煮沸组人肋骨HIT和EIT与猴肋骨（P=0.001）、与牛肋骨HIT差异具有统计学意义（P=0.001）外，与其余物种差异不具有统计学意义；新鲜组人肋骨除HIT、EIT与牛肋骨样本（P=0.999、P=0.997）以及与猴肋骨本的HIT（P=0.092）差异无统计学意义以外，与其余样本差异均有统计学意义样。 结论 利用Micro-CT骨质参数检测及纳米压痕力学性能检测均可鉴别人、猪、猴、牛、羊不同物种新鲜肋骨，对煮沸肋骨纳米压痕力学性能检测仅可区分人与其他动物肋骨。人与牛肋骨骨皮质厚度差异不明显，与猪、猴、羊的肋骨骨皮质厚度差异明显。

Objective To measure and compare the bone parameters and micromechanical parameters of ribs from different species，and to investigate the feasibility of these parameters in identifying different species. Methods The left fourth rib of humans，pigs，cattle，sheep，and monkeys was extracted，starting from about 1 cm outside the costal cartilage，with a length of 1 cm，and Micro-CT was used to measure the bone parameters of the ribs，including cortical bone thickness，bone mineral density（BMD），trabecular number（Tb.N），trabecular thickness（Tb.Th），tissue volume（TV），tissue surface（TS），bone volume（BV），bone surface （BS），BV/TV ratio，BS/BV ratio，BS/TV ratio，and trabecular separation（Tb.SP）. The nano-indentation technique was used to measure the indentation hardness（HIT） and elastic modulus（EIT） of the cortex of boiled ribs and fresh ribs，and these parameters were compared between different species. Results Among the bone parameters，the six parameters of TV，TS，BS/TV rate，BS/BV ratio，Tb.SP，and Tb.N could completely distinguish the human rib samples from the rib samples of pigs，cattle，sheep，and monkeys，whereas there was a significant difference in BV between the human rib samples and the rib samples of cattle（P=0.001） and sheep（P=0.001）. There was a significant difference in BS between the human rib samples and the cattle rib samples（P=0.304），and there was a significant difference in BV/TV ratio between the human rib samples and the rib samples of cattle（P=0.025） and monkeys（P=0.002）. There was a significant difference in Tb.Th between the human rib samples and the rib samples of cattle（P=0.001） and monkeys（P=0.003），and there was a significant difference in BMD between the human rib samples and the pig rib samples（P=0.006）. There was a significant difference in cortical bone thickness between the human rib samples and the rib samples from all the other species except the cattle（P=0.579）. As for mechanical properties，there were significant differences in HIT and EIT between the human rib samples and the monkey rib samples in the boiled group（P=0.001），and there was a significant difference in HIT between the human rib samples and the cattle rib samples （P=0.001），but with no significant differences between the human rib samples and the rib samples from the other species；in the fresh group，there were no significant differences in HIT and EIT between the human rib samples and the cattle rib samples（P=0.999 and 0.997），and there was also no significant difference in HIT between the human rib samples and the monkey rib samples（P=0.092）； however，there were significant differences between the human rib samples and the rib samples from the other species. Conclusion The Micro-CT bone parameter testing and the nano-indentation mechanical performance testing can distinguish the fresh ribs of different species such as humans，pigs，monkeys，cattle，and sheep，and the nano-indentation mechanical performance testing of boiled ribs can only distinguish human ribs from the ribs of other animals. There is no significant difference in rib cortical thickness between humans and cattle，but there is a significant difference in rib cortical thickness between human ribs and the ribs from pigs，monkeys，and sheep.