组蛋白的乙酰化及去乙酰化修饰在许多的病理生理过程中起重要作用，与许多疾病的发生发展密切相关。此修饰过程是动态可逆的，由组蛋白乙酰化酶（histone acetyltransferase，HAT）与组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylase，HDAC）共同催化完成。不同亚型的HDAC通过不同的机制参与疾病的发生发展。慢性呼吸系统疾病是造成非传染性疾病巨大负担的重要因素，但是缺乏根治的方法。支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、间质性肺疾病、肺动脉高压是最常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病，已有研究证实Ⅰ类HDAC在上述4种疾病的发病过程中起重要作用。本文通过对Ⅰ类HDAC在这4种疾病中的分子机制的研究进行综述，为其治疗提供新思路和靶点。

The acetylation and deacetylation modifications of histones play an important role in many pathophysiological processes and are closely associated with the development and progression of many diseases. This modification process is dynamic and reversible is jointly catalyzed by histone acetylase and histone deacetylase（HDAC）. Different subtypes of HDAC participate in the development and progression of diseases through different mechanisms. Chronic respiratory diseases are an important factor causing the huge burden of non-communicable diseases，but there is still a lack of radical treatment methods. Bronchial asthma，chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，interstitial lung disease，and pulmonary hypertension are the most common chronic respiratory diseases，and studies have confirmed that class I HDACs play an important role in the pathogenesis of the above four diseases. This article reviews the research advances in the molecular mechanism of class I HDACs in these four diseases，so as to provides new ideas and targets for treatment.