膀胱癌是世界第九大常见的恶性肿瘤，也是泌尿系统发病率最高的癌症。泌尿外科医生通过膀胱镜能够直接观察膀胱内部结构，是确诊膀胱癌的“金标准”。尽管术后联合化疗在提高患者生存率上效果显著，但其易复发的特点要求患者定期随访，而作为有创检查的膀胱镜在多次复查时给患者带来了巨大的痛苦造成依从性不高，也直接导致了对术后患者管理困难。随着科技的发展，新型内窥镜技术在泌尿系统疾病的诊疗过程中日渐重要。研发具有更高诊断准确性、更少视野盲区、更微小器械外形以及更舒适患者感受的膀胱镜成为了目前研究的重点。无线胶囊膀胱内镜将是解决上述问题的重要方法之一，本文将就胶囊膀胱内镜的发展现状和仍亟待解决的问题进行综述。

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignancy in the world and the most prevalent cancer in the urinary system. Cystoscopy allows urologists to directly observe the internal structure of the bladder，which is the “gold standard” for diagnosing bladder cancer. Although postoperative chemotherapy significantly improves patient survival rate，regular follow-up is required due to the high recurrence rate of bladder cancer. Repeated invasive cystoscopic examination causes great discomfort and poor compliance，directly complicating postoperative patient management. With the advancement of technology，new endoscopic techniques are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system diseases. Developing cystoscopes with higher diagnostic accuracy，fewer blind spots，smaller instrument size，and more comfortable patient experience has become a focus of research. Wireless capsule cystoscopy can be an important method to address these issues. This article reviews the current development and the challenges that still need to be addressed regarding capsule cystoscopy.