Lingual nerve dysfunction (LND) belongs to the complications resulting from tooth extraction surgery. This condition is mainly characterized by abnormal sensations, such as numbness and tingling of the ipsilateral lingual nerve innervation area, with or without decreased/loss of taste. The symptoms of LND can be evoked or improved through frequent movements of the tongue and excessive local stimulation. LND poses negative effects, which are usually intolerable, on the quality of life and psychology of patients. Such condition prompts patients to seek medical assistance to alle-viate or eliminate their discomfort. LND is caused by complex conditions and involves diverse clinical manifestations. Despite the progress of nerve reconstruction techniques, the mechanism underlying the functional recovery of lingual nerve remains incompletely understood, and the treatment effect is still unpredictable. Therefore, the risk prediction, syndrome assessment, treatment, and prognosis of LND still present a challenge to dentists and clinicians. This article reviews the research progress on LND, including its etiology, manifestations, clinical evaluation, treatment methods (including nonsurgical and surgical treatment methods), and prognosis.

The restoration space should be fully considered in designing the implant restoration for edentulous patients to accommodate the superstructure of implant dentures and prostheses and select the appropriate restoration method. However, no unified standard exists for the evaluation of restoration space in clinical practice. Mechanical or biological complications of implant dentures occur when the restorative space in the mouth does not match the prosthesis design. This study recommends recording the correct jaw relation retained by natural teeth or old dentures before implant treatment in edentulous patients. The complete digital information of the patient’s oral and maxillofacial region can be obtained using digital technology, and a three-dimensional virtual dental patient model can be constructed. A functional and aesthetically oriented implant restoration plan can be designed according to the measured vertical restoration space and horizontal relationship.

Vital tooth bleaching is one of the effective methods for the minimally invasive treatment of discolored tooth. Tooth bleaching techniques is simpler than other dental treatments, but challenges are still encountered in clinical practice. For a successful treatment, some key issues must be addressed through doctor-patient communication before treatment, and personalized treatment plans based on the etiology and difficulty of cases and the planned prevention and management of potential clinical complications during treatment must be considered. This article combines literature review and the author’s clinical experience to discuss clinical strategies for tooth-whitening treatment, aiming to provide a reference for dental bleaching treatment in clinical settings.

Heart failure (HF) is a serious manifestation or terminal stage of various heart diseases, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of patients. Its etiology is explored through many aspects, among which the influence of inflammation on the HF process is a scholarly research hotspot. Periodontitis is a destructive disease of periodontal soft and hard tissues caused by plaque biofilm and is one of the two major oral diseases. Periodontitis is reportedly associated significantly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between periodontitis and HF and its mechanism remain in the initial stage of research. Periodontal pathogens and their toxic products can reportedly affect myocardial function directly and indirectly, thereby affecting HF progression. This work provides a review of the progress of research on perio-dontitis and HF to provide some research ideas for the joint prevention and treatment of periodontitis and CVD.

Precise torque expression and stable anchorage control are key points in orthodontic treatment. The concern of patients’ quality of life and oral health during orthodontic treatment is increasing. However, most orthodontic instruments cannot achieve the goals mentioned above. A spherical bracket exhibits advantages in these aspects and mitigates these problems to a certain extent. The spherical surface decreases the ulcer rate. Biofilm formation is inhibited, thereby reducing the probability of gum and periodontal disease occurrence. The bonding failure rate of the spherical bracket is lower than that of other self-ligating brackets by 95%. The lock-hook system is the most innovative aspect of the spherical bracket. The system contains thread, screw, and arch wire systems. The lock-hook system benefits torque expression because of its mitigating function. Furthermore, it improves the stability of anchorage when the lock screw is applied. The arch wire system containing three unique wires (0.152 4 mm×0.635 0 mm, 0.203 2 mm×0.584 2 mm, 0.254 0 mm×0.558 8 mm) can be used by orthodontist to control torque with light force during alignment. Therefore, the spherical bracket has gained increasing interest because of its outstanding performance such as comfort, low bonding failure rate, accurate torque expression, stable anchorage, and light force.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues caused by dental plaque biofilm. It ischaracterized by gingival inflammation and progressive destruction of alveolar bone. Mitophagy is a major mechanism that regulates cellular homeostasis by selectively eliminating dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria through autophagy, which plays a critical role in the mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Recent studies indicated that mitophagy participates in the development of periodontal diseases by inhibiting periodontal inflammation, decreasing cell apoptosis, and promoting osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells. Moreover, it provides a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of periodontal disease. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of research on the definition of mitophagy, its molecular mechanism, and the role of mitophagy in the onset and development of periodontal disease.

Ferroptosis is a regulated, iron-dependent form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and plays an important role in a variety of diseases. It has been studied in cancer, ischemia/reperfusion injury diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. As an important form of cell death, ferroptosis has received increasing attention in oral disease research. Some advances have been achieved in related studies. Ferroptosis has become an emerging therapeutic target for oral cancer and has been associated with many inflammatory injury diseases. As a chronic inflammatory disease, periodontitis may have some correlation with ferroptosis. This work reviews current findings on ferroptosis to provide a reference for the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of related oral diseases.

Metabolism reprogram is one of the major characteristics of malignant cancer. It promotes survival of tumor cells and launches the malignant progression of cancers under the nutrition-deficient tumor milieu. Several recent studies have revealed that the antiporter of cystine and glutamine, system Xc^–, is a key target of ferroptosis and also impairs flexibility of tumor metabolism remolding and promotes dependency on glucose. This finding indicates that interfering glucose uptake and glucose metabolism are potential methods of treating system Xc^– overexpression cancers. This review summarizes the expressional regulation and metabolic functions of system Xc^–, thereby paving a new avenue for the antimetabolic therapy of cancers.

Chitosan is the only naturally occurring cationic polysaccharide and has gradually become a focus of attention in tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility; biodegradability; antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and tissue repair activity; and great drug delivery capacity. Periodontal disease, as an inflammatory and destructive di-sease, has a high prevalence and significant impact on oral health and even systemic health. In this review, we summarize the role of chitosan in periodontal therapy, including its regenerative scaffolding; drug delivery; and antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenesis-promoting effects. We then analyze current issues and point out possible future directions for its development, aiming to provide solutions to problems encountered in periodontal disease treatment.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) on blood cell indicators in patients with periodontitis. Methods In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients who were diagnosed with periodontitis at Changsha Stomatological Hospital from January 2014 to March 2022 were included. On the basis of whether SPT was performed on patients or not, patients were divided into maintenance group (74 patients) and nonmaintenance group (76 patients) to compare the differences in blood cell indicators between the two groups. Results After treatment, the neutrophil count (N), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) of the maintenance group decreased (P<0.05); the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean platelet volume (MPV) increased (P<0.05); the hemoglobin (HGB) showed no significant change (P>0.05). The SII of the nonmaintenance group decreased, whereas the MPV and MCV increased (P<0.05). By comparing the changes in blood cell indicators, we found significant differences in WBC, N, PLT, SII, MCV, MCHC, and MPV between the two groups (P<0.05). During the 5-year follow-up period, a decreasing trend in WBC, N, PLT, and SII and an increasing trend in MCHC, MPV, and MCV in the maintenance group were observed. Conclusion Active SPT could improve the hematological parameters of patients, alleviate the immune and inflammatory imbalance, and benefit the maintenance and improvement of the treatment effect.

Saliva is a slightly acidic oral fluid, which is primarily composed of water. It also contains a small amount of inorganic ions and rich proteins, which results in its special rheological and biological properties, good biological functions, and important role in maintaining oral and systemic health. Xerostomia caused by decreased saliva flow or altered saliva composition can lead to clinically serious oral health imbalances, manifested by burning in the mouth; changes in taste; difficulty in speaking, chewing, and swallowing; and an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The prevalence of xerostomia is approximately 20%, which increases to about 50% in the elderly population aged >75 years. With the increase in the aging population, xerostomia has caused a health burden that cannot be ignored. Artificial saliva is an oral care product developed to mimic the properties and functions of natural saliva, which is an important method of symptomatic treatment of xerostomia. Safe and effective artificial saliva has a positive effect and application potential in maintaining the oral health of the elderly. The development of artificial saliva begins with a comprehensive understanding of the properties of natural saliva. This review systematically depicted the composition and biological functions of natural saliva and described in detail the rheological behavior, tribological properties, biological characteristics, and clinical application performance of artificial saliva to promote the development of novel artificial saliva.

Miniscrew implants are widely utilized in orthodontics, and their usage varies substantially among different countries. This review summarizes the methodology of related research as well as the advantages, indications, and complications of orthodontic miniscrew implants. Factors influencing the usage of orthodontic miniscrew implants are determined. The utilization rate of orthodontic miniscrew implants ranges from 43.7% to 93.3%. However, inconsistent criteria preclude us from reaching further conclusions. Orthodontic miniscrew implants are suitable for diverse conditions, such as anterior retraction and posterior intrusion, which contribute to the enhancement of anchorage and the reduction of dependence on patient compliance. Frequently occurring complications include failure of orthodontic miniscrew implants, soft tissue reactions, and root damage. Factors including orthodontists ’ age, gender, and educational background as well as the cost of treatment and the patients ’ acceptance of orthodontic miniscrew implants may have different effects on their usage. Nevertheless, similar research in China is lacking.

Objective Plasma cell-free extra-cellular mitochondrial DNA (cf-exmtDNA) shows pro-inflammatory potential. This study aims to investigate the correlation between cf-exmtDNA and baseline periodontitis clinical parameters in patients in general health. Methods A total of 78 participants aged 18-45 years were enrolled: 11 periodontal healthy volunteers, 11 patients with gingivitis, and 56 patients with periodontitis. Baseline periodontal index, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) were examined and recorded. Anticoagulated venous blood (4 mL) was collected, and cf-mtDNA was extracted by secondary centrifugation. cf-exmtDNA concentration was measured through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Different states of periodontal inflammation were compared in terms of plasma cf-exmtDNA copy number, and the relationship among plasma cf-exmtDNA, mean probing depth (mPD), mean clinical attachment level (mCAL), mean bleeding index (mBI), mean plaque index, age, FBG, and BMI were examined through correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Results Patients with periodontitis had significantly higher plasma cf-exmtDNA levels than the healthy volunteers (P=0.042). The overall plasma cf-exmtDNA was significantly positively correlated with age (P=0.023), mPD (P<0.001), mCAL (P=0.006), and mBI (P=0.026). Multiple regression analysis showed that plasma cf-exmtDNA level was significantly dependent on mPD. Conclusion In the general population aged 18–45, patients with periodontitis had significantly higher plasma cf-exmt-DNA level than the healthy volunteers, and plasma cf-exmtDNA concentration was significantly positively correlated with age, mPD, mCAL, and mBI.

Patients with congenital maxillofacial deformities such as cleft lip and palate are often characterized by the abnormal structure and function of the orofacial muscles. After facial plastic surgeries, orofacial muscles usually exhibit the characteristics of impaired myogenesis and excessive fibrosis, which greatly limits the recovery of orofacial function. Orofacial muscles are skeletal muscle subsets with unique evolutionary and developmental characteristics. The occurrence of orofacial muscle fibrosis is related to its unique embryonic development source and inherent regeneration characteristics. Muscle satellite cell and fibroadipogenic progenitors are the two main cell types in the skeletal muscle tissue that are responsible for the myogenic process and fibrogenic process, respectively. Myogenesis-fibrogenesis imbalance is an important factor in orofacial muscle fibrosis. A variety of antifibrosis drugs are expected to improve skeletal muscle fibrosis effectively. This review focuses on the specificity of orofacial muscle development and regeneration, the cytological basis of orofacial muscle fibrosis, and the treatment of orofacial muscle fibrosis to clarify the unique mechanism of orofacial muscle regeneration and to develop the precise treatment for orofacial muscle regeneration.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a common clinical disease in stomatology. It is characterized by severe pain like electric shock, thereby seriously affecting the life and work of patients. Trigeminal neuralgia can be divided into three types with different causes and characteristics. Among them, classical trigeminal neuralgia has the main pathogenesis of mechanical compression, and inflammatory factors also significantly affect this process. Establishing an appropriate animal model of trigeminal neuralgia plays an important role in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Such a model can also serve as the experimental methodological basis for studying the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Scho-lars have established various trigeminal neuralgia animal models for different experimental purposes and scenarios. This article reviews the research status of animal experimental models of trigeminal neuralgia.

Immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is a chronic autoimmune disease closely associated with IgG4. This disease is an uncommon disorder in the clinical setting, and its etiology is unknown. The major clinical features of IgG4-RS is a painless, persistent enlargement of the salivary gland, especially the submandibular gland. Periphe-ral blood examination show that IgG4 levels are elevated in the serum of most patients, and their lymphoplasmic cells are infiltrated. In the advanced stage of the disease, tissue lesions can present in various organs of the body. Histopathology is the most reliable diagnostic method. Glucocorticoids are recommended as the primary clinical treatment. Biologics can also be used as targeted therapy at this stage. Based on domestic and international literature, we review herein the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment and prognosis of IgG4-RS to aid the diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent research of the disease.

Objective This work aimed to explore the application effect of a new biodegradable polylactic acid membrane (PDLLA/PLLA) in guiding bone tissue regeneration. Methods A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.5~3.0 kg, were prepared at the lower edge of the mandible near the body of the mandible on one side of the animal. The dimensions of the bone defect were 5 mm×3 mm. The animals were randomly divided into the experimental group, control group, and blank group, with eight animals in each group. The experimental group animals were filled with Bio-oss bone powder, and PDLLA/PLLA was covered on the defect surface. The control group animals were filled with Bio-oss bone powder, and a Guidor polylactic acid membrane was covered on the defect surface. The blank group animals were not treated. At 8 and 12 weeks after the operation, specimens of the defect were collected for gross observation, micro-CT examination, and histopathological observation. Results During the experiment, no inflammation and rejection reaction occurred in the experimental animals in each group, and the wounds in each group healed well and osteogenesis was active. The gross observation showed that the animals in the experimental group had more bone formation and less material degradation at 8 weeks after the operation, whereas the animals in the control group had less bone formation and complete material degradation compared with the experimental group. At 12 weeks after the operation, the amount of bone formation of animals in the experimental group and the control group was the same, but the materials in the experimental group were further degraded. The amount of bone formation of animals in the blank group was less than that in the experimental group and the control group. At 8 and 12 weeks after the operation, micro-CT revealed that the new bone in the defect area of the experimental group and the control group was significantly more than that of the blank group. At 8 and 12 weeks after the operation, the bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular number (Tb.N) of the new bone in the experimental group and the control group were significantly higher than those in the blank group. Histological analysis demonstrated that the cells surrounding the new bone trabeculae in the experimental group grew actively at 8 weeks after the operation, and a small amount of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were visible. At 12 weeks after the operation, a large number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were found around the bone trabeculae of the experimental group animals, and the bone tissue density at the bone defect site was close to the surrounding normal bone tissue. Conclusion Thus, the new polylactic acid membrane (PDLLA/PLLA) has good biocompatibility and bone conductivity, and it can significantly promote the healing of defects.

Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy of iRoot BP Plus and MTA as pulp capping agents for vital pulp therapy. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of iRoot BP Plus and MTA in the treatment of pulpo-tomy were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from the establishment to March 2023. Two members conducted independent screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The outcome indicators included clinical success rate, pulp capping operation time, dentin bridge formation rate, and tooth discoloration rate. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and Stata 15.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 18 RCTs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed 1) no significant difference in the clinical success rate between iRoot BP Plus group and MTA group at 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation (P> 0.05). 2) The operation time of iRoot BP Plus was significantly shorter than that of MTA (P<0.05). 3)The formation rate of dentin calcified bridge in the iRoot BP Plus group was higher than that in the MTA group at 3 months after the operation (P<0.05). 4) At the last follow-up, the tooth discoloration rate of the iRoot BP Plus group was significantly lower than that of the MTA group (P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical success rate of iRoot BP Plus for pulpotomy is similar to that of MTA, but it has shorter pulp-capping operation time and lower probability of tooth discoloration than MTA pulp capping.

Failure of tooth eruption is more common in permanent teeth than in deciduous teeth. The most commonly affected teeth are deciduous mandibular second molars in deciduous dentition. In addition, accurate diagnosis of tooth eruption failure is challenging for clinicians, and its exact etiology remains unknown. The consensus on the management of tooth eruption failure in deciduous molars has not been reached. At present, observation, restoration, extraction, surgical luxation, or orthodontic traction are the available treatment methods. Appropriate treatment options primarily rely on the type and severity of tooth eruption failure, the succeeding permanent teeth, and the accompanied complications. Thus, this article reviews the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and treatments of tooth eruption failure in deci-duous molars to provide some reference for related clinical diagnosis and treatments.

阻生第三磨牙（M3）可导致相邻组织结构发生病变，其中包括引起相邻第二磨牙（M2）的牙根外吸收（ERR），即在牙根外表面出现牙体硬组织丧失。阻生M3引起相邻M2 ERR多无明显临床症状，严重者可出现M2牙髓受累甚至牙齿早失。阻生M3的方向以及和相邻M2存在接触是阻生M3引起相邻M2 ERR的重要危险因素。本文就近年来关于阻生M3引起相邻M2 ERR的诊断、流行病学、预后以及治疗方式的研究进展进行综述，总结阻生M3引起相邻M2 ERR的治疗方案为：在多学科指导下，综合考虑ERR的程度、M2有无牙髓受累或其他合并疾病、M3的利用价值、患者个人情况等因素制定治疗方案。这一结论为口腔医师对该类疾病的诊疗提供了参考，并为未来该领域的研究提供了新思路。

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是一种与慢性牙周炎密切相关的革兰阴性球杆菌，其产生的外膜囊泡作为一种特殊的毒力因子在口腔疾病的致病中发挥着重要的作用。外膜囊泡是细菌释放的纳米级球状结构，主要由细菌的外膜和周质成分组成。外膜囊泡被释放到环境中后参与了口腔中多种细菌的共聚集和生物膜的形成，并将毒力因子输送到机体的各个组织器官中。本文主要探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌外膜囊泡毒力蛋白质在常见口腔疾病中与宿主的相互作用及其机制，旨在为后续相关研究提供参考。

根尖周炎是由微生物感染引发的根尖周炎症，根管微生物既能直接破坏根尖区牙槽骨，也能刺激根尖周组织产生炎症，进而刺激牙槽骨吸收。根管治疗的首要目标是控制感染，终极目标是促进根尖周病变愈合。根管冲洗是根管治疗中的重要步骤，理想的根管冲洗剂应符合上述两大目标并且细胞毒性较小。光热治疗（PTT）是一种新型的抑菌方法，可以利用光热材料将光能转变为热能以控制感染，并且能调节组织修复过程，促进成骨过程并抑制破骨吸收。PTT还能与光动力治疗（PDT）形成协同抗菌效应。PTT应用于根管冲洗，有希望实现根管治疗的两大目标。本文总结了PTT对感染根管中常见微生物的抗菌作用和对根尖区骨修复的作用及其机制，并且初步探讨了PTT和PDT的协同效应，为PTT在根管冲洗中的进一步应用提供了一定的理论依据。

随着数字化技术和3D打印技术的飞速发展，数字化导板在口腔医学领域的应用日渐广泛。近年来，许多学者开始将这项技术应用于牙髓治疗领域，以完成更精准、更微创、更高效的牙髓治疗。本文将对数字化导板技术在牙髓治疗中的工作流程，以及该技术在非手术牙髓治疗及根尖手术中的应用现状进行阐述。

头影测量是正畸诊断和治疗过程中不可或缺的分析手段。高精度定位头影测量的标志点对于确保正畸临床诊断的准确性和治疗目标的正确性至关重要。随着计算机辅助技术特别是人工智能的发展，头影测量标志点从手动标注逐渐进展到自动定点，并已应用于临床实践。从基于知识方法到基于模型和模板匹配方法，再到现在的机器学习及深度学习方法，人工智能在传统头颅侧位片上标志点检测的准确率已有显著提高，但在图像数据更精确的三维图像上，自动定点尚处于起步阶段。本文旨在综述人工智能在头影测量自动定点算法方面的研究进展，并对其未来研究方向进行展望。

目的 分析大麻素Ⅰ型受体（CBlR）抑制或激活对大鼠硬腭黏膜创伤愈合的影响。方法 大鼠硬腭部黏膜2 mm创伤造模，腹腔注射选择性拮抗剂Rimonabant Hydrochloride (SR141716A)和选择性激动剂Anandamide(AEA)持续7 d，记录创口平面愈合情况，组织学愈合情况，CB1R的表达水平，并通过酶联免疫吸附法检测组织匀浆的细胞因子浓度。结果 CB1R蛋白表达水平影响硬腭黏膜创口的愈合，CB1R抑制的动物伤口出现了明显的愈合延迟，同时伴随着肿瘤坏死因子-α和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达升高。结论 CB1R在大鼠硬腭黏膜创伤过程中表达于周围组织中，降低了局部组织的炎症水平，促进了伤口愈合。

黑色素瘤缺乏因子2 (AIM2)炎症小体是由AIM2、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白及半胱天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶1组成的大分子蛋白质复合物，活化后可释放白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-18等促炎细胞因子并诱导焦亡，在炎症性疾病的发生发展过程中有重要作用。目前的研究表明AIM2炎症小体的激活参与了牙周炎的发展，还可以直接或间接影响胰岛素信号通路的传导，从而参与糖尿病的发生发展。牙周炎与糖尿病互为双向关系，AIM2作为DNA传感器在牙周炎和糖尿病发生发展中所扮演的角色已经引起广泛关注。本文重点综述了AIM2炎症小体在两种疾病中的相关研究，并对AIM2炎症小体在两种疾病双向关系中的潜在机制进行探讨，为后续牙周炎和糖尿病的发病机制研究提供基础。

核糖体蛋白L5 (RPL5)是核糖体大亚基的一部分，携带RPL5基因突变的Diamond-Blackfan贫血患者会伴发多种畸形，包括唇腭裂等颅面畸形以及心脏缺陷等躯体畸形。但是在RPL5突变导致核糖体生物发生缺陷的情况下，唇腭裂发生的机制仍然知之甚少。本文综述了近年对于RPL5的研究，并讨论了突变的RPL5核糖体蛋白与唇腭裂发生的可能机制。

目的 探讨全身免疫炎症指数（SII）与牙周炎分级诊断的相关性。方法 按照纳入及排除标准，对2023年1—10月于长沙市口腔医院就诊患者进行筛选，共选择263人，分为牙周炎组（131例）和牙周健康组（132例），分析两组间SII、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值（LMR）的差异。采用Logistic回归分析法和受试者操作特性曲线（ROC）分析牙周炎的患病相关因素及诊断价值，用Spearman相关分析评估血细胞指标与牙周炎分级的相关性。结果 与牙周健康组相比，牙周炎组SII、NLR、PLR明显升高，LMR明显降低（P<0.05）。SII、NLR、PLR、LMR均对牙周炎有预测价值，其中SII约登指数最大，价值优于NLR、PLR、LMR。Logistic回归分析显示SII、NLR与牙周炎有相关性且有统计学意义（P<0.05）。牙周炎组各分级间SII、NLR、PLR、LMR的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。牙周炎分级与SII、NLR、PLR呈正相关，与LMR呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 SII与牙周炎分级存在相关性，在临床评估牙周炎进展速度方面可能具有一定的预测价值。

正畸术后复发是口腔正畸学研究热点之一。目前观点认为由于正畸牙移动和正畸牙复发期间发生的生理模式具有相似性，所以通过靶向参与牙槽骨改建的降低正畸牙移动速率的生物化学制剂可以潜在地调节正畸牙复发。通过局部给药和全身给药干预正畸复发的相关研究药物目前主要处于体外实验研究阶段。在动物实验中观察到一些生物药物具有其无创、不良反应小、干预方便等特点，成为近年来应用于干预正畸复发相关研究的重要方向。本文针对补骨脂、植物雌激素依普黄酮、乳铁蛋白、雌激素受体调节剂雷洛昔芬这4类生物药物的相关成骨机制及其在正畸术后复发领域的基础研究进行综述。

安氏Ⅱ²分类错（牙合）畸形以前牙内倾型深覆（牙合）、磨牙远中关系为特征，患者的前牙切导异常，导致下颌运动轨迹被迫后退。多数患者表现出下颌后缩，并伴有咀嚼肌疼痛、关节盘移位以及髁突位置异常等颞下颌关节紊乱症状。对于安氏Ⅱ²分类的成人患者，正畸治疗和正畸正颌联合治疗主要是改善前牙舌倾、打开咬合以及协调上下牙列和颌骨的矢状向关系，但相关治疗措施对于颞下颌关节的影响尚有争议。本文综述了成人安氏Ⅱ²分类患者的颞下颌关节特征、正畸治疗及正畸正颌联合治疗对颞下颌关节的影响，总结了有利于恢复正常盘-髁关系的咬合板治疗措施，以期能为成人安氏Ⅱ²分类患者正畸治疗的临床诊断和方案设计提供参考，最终实现咬合和关节的协调、稳定。

颧牙槽嵴区皮质骨密度高、骨量大，植入该区的微种植钉具有良好的初期稳定性，能够承担较大的正畸力，实现牙列整体移动。此外，颧牙槽嵴区的微种植钉离磨牙根尖较远，牙根损伤风险小，牙齿移动不受干扰。相对于根间牙槽骨，颧牙槽嵴区是一个更理想的微种植钉植入位置，在临床中的应用越来越广。为提高该部位微种植钉植入的成功率，本文从解剖因素、临床因素和患者因素三方面对颧牙槽嵴区微种植钉成功植入的影响因素进行综述，以期提高临床医生对颧牙槽嵴区微种植钉植入的认识，进而提高该支抗的治疗效果。

微分泌性腺癌（MSA）是第5版世界卫生组织（WHO）头颈肿瘤分类中新增的一类唾液腺上皮源性低度恶性肿瘤。MSA有独特的组织学形态、免疫组织化学表型及分子遗传改变。组织学上，MSA可排列呈微囊型、筛状、小管样和条索样，囊腔或管腔内含丰富的嗜碱性分泌物，肿瘤由闰管样细胞组成，细胞形态单一，肿瘤间质为纤维黏液样组织。免疫组织化学表型上，MSA肿瘤细胞常表现为SOX10、S100、p63阳性，p40、calponin和mammaglobin阴性；平滑肌肌动蛋白可表现为阳性或阴性。MSA表现为特异性MEF2C∶∶SS18基因融合。MSA需与分泌性癌、硬化性微囊性腺癌、多形性腺癌、腺样囊性癌、分泌性肌上皮癌等进行鉴别。

口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是口腔颌面部最常见的恶性肿瘤，恶性程度较高。放射治疗是OSCC综合序列治疗的重要手段，对原位肿瘤治疗效果良好，但术后肿瘤复发和转移较常见，致死率高；其主要原因在于部分肿瘤具有显著的放射抵抗，存活的癌细胞可表现出增殖、侵袭和迁移增强，发生上皮-间充质转化，甚至获得癌干细胞表型。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/PKB，通常称PI3K/Akt)信号通路及其信号组分广泛参与OSCC发生发展和治疗预后的调控，已被证明与OSCC放射抵抗呈正相关；但其具体调控机制仍待进一步探索。本综述聚焦PI3K信号通路与OSCC的放射抵抗，从癌细胞、癌干细胞和肿瘤微环境三方面总结当前的研究进展，讨论PI3K介导的放射抵抗分子机制，以期为提高OSCC放疗敏感性和改善患者预后提供有效的潜在分子靶标。

显微根尖手术作为保存天然牙的最后一道防线，被越来越多的临床医生所重视。血液的存在会影响手术视野、降低充填材料的密封性，从而降低手术的成功率。出血控制贯穿手术的始终，是临床操作中的一大重点及难点。本文通过对显微手术的术前、术中、术后的出血管理进行总结，以便为临床医生提供参考。

重度牙周炎损害牙齿支持组织的健康并影响咀嚼功能，甚至导致牙列缺损或缺失。在重度牙周炎的诊疗中，数字化技术的应用可以提高诊疗的精准性和高效性，为患者提供了更优的治疗效果和诊疗体验。目前口腔临床常用的数字化技术手段和器械包括数字化牙周电子探针、牙周内镜、数字化口腔扫描和3D打印、数字化电子咬合记录仪、电子面弓等。本文就上述几种数字化技术在重度牙周炎诊疗中，从临床检查、诊断、治疗规划到治疗实施等各个环节的应用进行阐述。

口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤因发病部位解剖结构复杂，特别强调个体化治疗。近距离照射治疗具有适形性高、剂量分布均匀等优势，因而越来越多地被应用于口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤的治疗中。数字可视化技术、3D打印技术等多项新型数字化技术已被用作近距离照射治疗的辅助手段，用于术前方案设计、术中引导、全程剂量验证等多个环节。而人工智能、数字化病理技术仍处于试用阶段，有望在未来进一步优化近距离照射治疗模式，提高治疗有效性、安全性、可靠性，提升患者的生活质量水平。本文就数字化技术在口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤近距离照射治疗中的应用方面进行总结，为未来临床应用发展提供思路。

目的 运用文献计量学探究口腔癌智慧医疗领域的发展趋势、研究热点及未来方向，为后续研究提供参考。方法 回顾性收集2003—2023年Web of Science Core Collection、Scopus和PubMed数据库口腔癌智慧医疗主题英文文献和中国知识基础设施工程（简称中国知网）数据库同主题中文文献，利用VOSviewer 1.6.18软件对纳入文献的国家、机构、作者、被引频次、关键词进行循证可视化对比分析。结果 共纳入547篇英文文献和34篇中文文献，发文量均呈上升趋势，且近几年增长趋势更加明显；美国是该领域贡献最大的国家，与其他国家学术交流紧密，而我国跨国、跨机构、跨团队合作较局限，网络结构具有明显地域性。此外，人工智能辅助口腔癌诊治是国内外文献共同关注的重点，英文文献侧重新型诊断技术的深层探索，中文文献倾向智慧康养及中药网络药理学的应用探究。结论 口腔癌智慧医疗的持续发展使其在人工智能辅助诊断、智慧康养和中药特色药理学方面的应用研究日益深远，早期预警筛查亟待成为智慧医疗关爱口腔健康的重要着力点。

目的 评估一种基于ABC分区法的手术入路决策，在腮腺肿瘤内镜手术应用中的可行性、安全性及美观效果。方法 回顾性纳入2022年1月1日—2024年1月1日于四川大学华西口腔医院头颈肿瘤外科接受免充气内镜下腮腺肿瘤切除术的95例患者。根据是否应用ABC分区法对患者进行分组，统计围手术期及随访数据。结果ABC分区法组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、涎瘘发生率、总住院时间均少于非分区法组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。非分区法组术后美观效果评价的视觉模拟评分为（1.63±0.88）分，分区法组为（1.35±0.82）分，2组患者的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），对术后美观效果均较为满意。结论采用ABC分区法匹配相应手术入路，可以提高腮腺肿瘤内镜手术的效率和微创性，加快术后康复，具有良好的安全性和美观效果。

刷牙作为日常口腔保健的基本措施，不仅关乎口腔健康，而且与全身健康密切相关。面对众多的刷牙方法，如何选择一种既有效又安全的刷牙方式，已成为公众和口腔医学界共同关注的焦点。当前，Bass法及其改良方法 （改良Bass法）在国内被广泛推荐，但深入分析后发现，Bass法亦存在不足。本文将从刷牙的重要性、刷牙方法简介、Bass法的应用必要性及其潜在危害等方面展开讨论，旨在提醒临床应用及科普宣传中应根据患者实际情况推荐合适的刷牙方法。

目的 探究具核梭杆菌（F. nucleatum）感染对体外肠道上皮屏障的影响及可能的机制。方法 人结直肠腺癌细胞Caco-2细胞接种于Transwell小室构建体外肠道上皮屏障模型。采用葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）和F. nucleatum建立细胞损伤和感染模型，实验分为CON组、FN组、8%DSS组和FN+8%DSS组，检测F. nucleatum对有无DSS处理的上皮屏障的影响并评估铁死亡在其中的作用；随后引入铁死亡抑制剂铁抑素1 (Fer-1)和去铁胺（DFO），探究抑制铁死亡对受损上皮屏障的作用。实验中，采用细胞计数试剂盒8 (CCK-8)检测细胞增殖；乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）法检测细胞损伤；跨上皮电阻值（TEER）评估上皮完整性；异硫氰酸荧光素-葡聚糖（FD4）透过率评估上皮通透性；透射电镜观察细胞间连接及线粒体；蛋白免疫印迹和免疫荧光染色检测胞质紧密粘连蛋白ZO-1和紧密连接蛋白CLDN-1的表达；铁死亡检测包括免疫荧光染色检测细胞内亚铁离子（Fe2+）含量；免疫印迹法检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 (GPX4)、铁蛋白重链1 (FTH1)、乙酰辅酶A合成酶长链家族4 (ACSL4)的表达，以及测量丙二醛（MDA）含量和谷胱甘肽比例（GSH%）评估脂质过氧化水平。结果 与CON组相比，FN组、8%DSS组和FN+8%DSS组细胞增殖率降低，细胞损伤增加（P<0.05）；与CON组相比，FN组TEER值和FD4透过率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；与8%DSS组相比，FN+8%DSS组的6、12、24 h TEER值下降（P<0.05）,FD4透过率增加（P<0.000 1）；与CON组相比，FN+8%DSS组ZO-1和CLDN-1蛋白下调（P<0.05）；透射电镜观察到8%DSS组细胞间连接破坏，FN+8%DSS组除了细胞间连接破坏还观测到F. nucleatum入侵细胞内部，线粒体呈现铁死亡样改变；GPX4蛋白下调，FTH1和ACSL4蛋白上调，细胞内Fe2+积聚，MDA升高，GSH%降低。引入Fer-1和DFO后，细胞损伤降低，TEER值回升，FD4透过率降低，ZO-1和CLDN-1蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）。结论 F. nucleatum感染可能通过铁死亡途径促进DSS诱导的体外肠道上皮屏障破坏。