视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders，NMOSD）是一种自身免疫介导的主要以视神经炎和横贯性脊髓炎为特征的中枢神经系统疾病。NMOSD的发病主要由水通道蛋白４（aquaporin-4，AQP4）抗体引起，具有高复发、高致残的特点，每次复发都可能导致神经损伤和残疾逐步累积，因此应尽早使用有效的预防复发的药物，从而减少复发率、改善患者的长期预后。目前，随着对NMOSD致病机制的研究不断深入，新兴治疗靶点单克隆抗体药物不断涌现。本文主要就AQP4抗体阳性的NMOSD的慢性期防复发治疗展开综述。

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders（NMOSD） is an autoimmune-mediated central nervous system disorder characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. NMOSD is mainly caused by aquaporin-4（AQP4） immunoglobulin G（IgG） antibody and has the characteristics of high recurrence and disability rates. Each time of recurrence may lead to gradual accumulation of nerve damage and disability，and therefore，drugs for effective prevention of recurrence should be used as early as possible to reduce recurrence rate and improve the long-term prognosis of patients. At present，with the in-depth studies on the pathogenesis of NMOSD， new monoclonal antibody drugs for corresponding targets continue to emerge. This article reviews the treatment methods for preventing the recurrence of NMOSD with positive AQP4-IgG antibody in the chronic stage.