精神分裂症是导致严重精神残疾的重性疾病之一，给社会、患者及其家属带来了重大负担。随着科技进步，不仅传统药物有了新的用法，而且新型药物的涌现也提供了更个体化和有效的治疗选择，如占诺美林-曲司氯铵（xanomeline-trospium，KarXT）、Emraclidine和微量胺相关受体1（trace-amine-associated receptor 1，TAAR1）调节剂等。本文将深入研究这些药物的临床应用疗效及治疗机制，以及新药物引入也带来治疗领域的挑战，如药物的停药时间、不良反应和药物预测动物模型的建立等，并在最后提出这些挑战并展望未来研究方向。本文旨在探讨精神分裂症药物治疗方面的最新进展，为研究者和临床医生提供最新的参考。

Schizophrenia is one of major mental disorders leading to severe mental disabilities，imposing a substantial burden on the society and patients and their families. Advances in science and technology have not only promoted the re-development of traditional medications，but also fostered the emergence of novel drugs like xanomeline-trospium，emraclidine，and trace amine-associated receptor 1，which offer more personalized and effective treatment options. This article delves into the clinical effectiveness and mechanisms of action of these drugs as well as the challenges from the introduction of new medications，such as drug discontinuation，side effects，and the establishment of animal models for drug prediction. Insights into future research directions are provided. We aim to explore the latest progress in schizophrenia medications，offering up-to-date references for researchers and clinicians.