Objective To establish a scientific and quantifiable evaluation framework for the teaching management of teaching and research departments in clinical disciplines at medical college-affiliated hospitals, and to develop the Teaching Evaluation Index System for these departments. Methods Based on literature review and field investigations, an initial version of the Evaluation Index System for Teaching and Research Departments of Medical College-Affiliated Hospitals (consultation draft) was formulated. Subsequently, three rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method to refine the composition of the evaluation indices and the allocation of weights. Results The final "Teaching Evaluation Index System for Teaching and Research Departments of Medical College-Affiliated Hospitals" was established, comprising 6 first-level indicators, 25 second-level indicators, and 1 additional item index. Statistical analysis revealed that the authority coefficient (Cr) for the three rounds of expert consultations was 0.842, 0.869, and 0.857, respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) for each index ranged between 0.12 and 0.18, indicating relatively low variability. Additionally, the positive response rate, authority level, and coordination among experts were satisfactory. Conclusion Practical testing demonstrated that this index system exhibits strong operational feasibility and broad applicability, providing a valuable reference for teaching evaluation and management in medical university-affiliated hospitals.