The Marxist theoretical literacy of the undergraduate student leaders is related to the problem of cultivating qualified builders and reliable successors of the socialism with Chinese characteristics. Through the analysis of the implications and reasoning of the theoretical literacy of the undergraduate student leaders in the new era, this paper explores the construction of a diversified theoretical acquisition system and a multi-dimensional theoretical practice mechanism, guided by practical problems, to further improve the theoretical literacy of the undergraduate student leaders and enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education of college students.