As the postgraduates enrollment scale expands year by year, the quality of postgraduate cultivation has attracted much attention. The dissertation is not only a reflection of the scientific achievements of the postgraduate during their study period, but also an important symbol of the quality of postgraduate education. Taking School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University as an example, this paper analyzes the significance, advantages and disadvantages of the current double-blind review of postgraduate dissertations. Based on the problems found in practice, suggestions and measures for improvement are proposed to further improve the double-blind review and enhance the level of postgraduate cultivation.