Objective Through the basic status quo of talent cultivation of urban and rural medical oriented students in Lishui University, the path of humanistic quality enhancement and the exploration of cultivation practice of oriented students in Lishui University are proposed. Methods Selecting 623 medical orientation students as well as 45 unified enrollment students as the research object, survey research method, interview method and literature research method were used to investigate and study the main problems existing in the current process of training talents and education and teaching process of urban and rural medical orientated students. Results Forty percent of the interviewees said that the lack of humanistic literacy is more difficult to adapt to the difference work. In the concept of employment and career planning, 95% of the interviewees said that they chose to become oriented students on the advice of their families as well as in consideration of the stability of their careers; 4.8% said that they have a clear employment and career planning, and 93% said that they just want to pass the examination and graduate successfully; in the concern for humanistic literacy among medical students, 55.1% of the respondents did not pay attention to humanistic literacy, and 22.2% of the respondents thought that humanistic literacy cultivation courses were missing in schools. Conclusion At present, there is a lack of systematic training mode and a relative lack of humanistic quality education in the training process and teaching process of urban and rural oriented medical students. Universities should attach great importance to the training of oriented students, pay close attention to the quality of practical teaching and the practice of medical humanities, strengthen the sense of responsibility and mission of oriented medical students to take root in the grassroots, serve the grassroots, cultivate high-quality grassroots general health workers, and commit themselves to the harmonious development of China's grassroots health care cause.