目的 探讨构思-设计-实现-运作（conceive-design-implement-operate，CDIO）模式指导的易位式教学查房对提高内科住院医师临床思维能力的作用。 方法 以2021年7月—2022年12月在海军军医大学第一附属医院心血管内科轮转的124名内科住院医师为研究对象，将其分为试验组（n=62）和对照组（n=62）。试验组运用CDIO模式指导的易位式教学查房对住院医师进行临床思维训练，对照组开展传统教学查房。出科前，对两组住院医师进行临床思维能力和临床综合能力评估，并由试验组住院医师填写问卷调查的评价教学效果。 结果 试验组住院医师批判性思维、系统性思维和循证思维均优于对照组（P＜0.05），同时，Mini-CEX量表显示试验组住院医师具有更好的临床接诊能力、诊断分析能力和沟通技巧（P＜0.05）。调查结果显示，CDIO模式指导的易位式教学查房激发了住院医师的学习兴趣，培养了他们的临床思维能力、组织协调能力和表达交流能力，提高了学习效能。 结论 CDIO模式指导的易位式教学查房有助于提高内科住院医师的临床思维能力，值得推广应用。

Objective To observe the effects of role swap teaching rounds with conceive-design-implement-operate (CDIO) teaching mode in improving the clinical thinking abilities of standardized training residents. Methods A total of 124 students in the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University from July 2021 to December 2022, were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=62) and the control group (n=62). The experimental group students were trained with the CDIO mode guided role swap teaching rounds, while the control group were applied with traditional teaching rounds. Before graduation, the clinical thinking abilities and clinical comprehensive abilities of both groups were evaluated. In addition, the experimental group students filled in questionnaires to evaluate the teaching effects. Results The critical thinking, systematic thinking and evidence-based thinking abilities of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P＜0.05). Moreover, according to the Mini-CEX scale, the experimental group residents represented better capability in clinical reception, disease analysis and diagnosis and communication (P＜0.05). The questionnaire survey showed that the new teaching method inspired the interest and passion for learning of the standardized training residents, developed their clinical thinking ability, organizational capability, verbal dexterity, and the learning efficiency. Conclusion CDIO mode guided role swap teaching rounds is helpful to improve the clinical thinking abilities of standardized training residents.