目的 以首都医科大学大一至大四学生为研究对象，了解其体质健康状况及影响因素。 方法 参照《国家学生体质健康标准（2014年修订）》，并于2023年9—11月对学生进行测试，以体质健康测试成绩不及格为结局变量，采用二分类Logistic回归分析，探讨其影响因素。 结果 3 975名参加测试的医学生中，3 693名（92.91%）通过测试，282名（7.09%）不合格。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，大三年级（OR=1.469）、“5+3”学制（OR=1.113）、非医学学位（OR=1.156）是影响体质健康水平的危险因素；女生（OR=0.235）、年龄较大（OR=0.733）、非汉族（OR=0.799）、大二年级（OR=0.409）、五年制（OR= 0.854）是体质健康水平的保护因素。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：女生（OR=0.341），大二年级（OR=0.403）是体测结果的保护因素；大三年级（OR=1.579），大四年级（OR=1.219），BMI值较高（OR=1.356）是体测不及格的危险因素。 结论 医学院校应加强校园体育文化建设，有针对性地对重点学生群体开展教育，策划体育项目及活动，促进医学生劳逸结合，提高学生对体育锻炼的重视度和积极性。

Objective To investigate the physical fitness level of first-year to fourth-year undergraduate medical students at a medical university in Beijing, and explore its influencing factors. Methods Physical fitness tests were conducted on students from September to November 2023, according to the "National Student Physical Health Standards (Revised in 2014)". Failing the test was used as the outcome variable. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the relevant influencing factors. Results Among the 3 975 medical students who participated in the test, 3 693(92.91%) passed, while 282 (7.09%) failed. Univariate logistic regression results showed that junior year (OR=1.469), "5+3" education program (OR=1.113), and non-medical degree (OR=1.156) were risk factors for poor physical health. Being female (OR=0.235), older in age (OR=0.733), non-Han ethnicity (OR=0.799), sophomore year (OR=0.409), and five-year program (OR=0.854) were protective factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that being female (OR=0.341) and sophomore year (OR=0.403) were protective factors. Junior (OR=1.579) or senior year (OR=1.219), and higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.356) were risk factors for failing the physical fitness test. Conclusion The university should strengthen the campus sports culture, provide targeted education for key student groups, plan sports projects and activities, promote work-leisure balance among medical students, and increase their awareness and enthusiasm for physical exercise.