目的 研究3D（three-dimensional，3D）虚拟仿真（virtual reality，VR）教学系统的构建实施和在呼吸道传染病教学中的应用效果。 方法 选择首都医科大学 2019 级临床医学（5+3）专业两个班的68名见习学生为研究对象。随机分为试验组和对照组，每组34名学生。对照组采用多媒体方法见习，试验组采用3D虚拟仿真教学系统见习，采用随堂考试和课程满意度调查问卷评价教学效果。 结果 试验组随堂考试成绩和课程满意度高于对照组，答题时间少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。试验组在提升学习兴趣、突出重点知识、提高临床思维能力、沉浸式学习、提高学习效率、愿意推荐给同学、提升课程参与积极性等方面评分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 当临床见习缺乏真实传染病病例时，3D虚拟仿真传染病教学系统可以作为弥补再现临床病例，在传染病见习中有一定应用价值。

Objective To study the construction and implementation of three-dimensional virtual reality and its application effect in respiratory infectious disease education. Methods A total of 68 students from 2 classes of 2019 in Capital Medical University were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group (n=34) and the control group (n=34). The control group adopted multimedia teaching while the experimental group received three-dimensional virtual reality simulation teaching system. Follow-up exams and course satisfaction questionnaires were used to evaluate teaching effectiveness. Results The respiratory infectious disease knowledge assessment and course satisfaction scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05), the answering time was shorter than the control group (P＜0.05). The scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control groups in enhancing learning interest, highlighting key knowledge, improving the ability of clinical thinking, immersion learning, improving learning efficiency, willing to recommend to classmates and improving course participation. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion In case of shortage of clinical infectious disease cases, 3D virtual simulation infectious disease teaching system can be used as a remedy to reproduce clinical cases, which has certain application value in infectious disease practice.