目的 探讨“清单式培训、积分制管理”模式在骨科住院医师规范化培训中的应用的效果。 方法 参照《住院医师规范化培训基地认定标准》和《住院医师规范化培训内容与标准》的骨科培训要求，组织骨科带教老师制定《住院医师规培骨科常见病、多发病清单》和《住院医师规培骨科核心手术操作技术清单》，选取非骨科专业住院医师，依据上述清单进行骨科培训学习和积分统计并进行出科考核（观察组）；采用传统培训方式的住院医师为对照组。最后对两组教学效果包括理论及操作能力考核、教学满意度问卷进行比较。 结果 观察组理论考核成绩平均为（87.3±5.4）分，操作能力考核成绩平均为（78.7±5.3）分；对照组理论成绩平均为（84.5±6.7）分，操作能力成绩平均为（73.8±5.7）分；两组操作能力成绩差异有统计学意义。教学满意度方面，观察组优于对照组。观察组学生自评结果显示诊断与治疗能力提高得分为（7.9±0.7）分，操作能力提高为（7.7±0.7）分，学习兴趣为（8.0±0.6）分，综合评价得分为（8.1±0.7）分。 结论 “清单式培训、积分制管理”模式对提高骨科住院医师掌握骨科常见病和基本手术操作能力起到一定作用。

Objective To investigate the practical application of "checklist training and point-based management" in standardized surgical residency training. Methods Following the requirements for orthopedic training in the "Accreditation Standards for Standardized Training Bases for Resident Physicians" and the "Content and Standards for Standardized Training of Resident Physicians", orthopedic teachers were organized to develop the "List of Common and Prevalent Diseases in Orthopedics for Resident Physicians Training" and the "List of Core Surgical Operation Techniques in Orthopedics for Resident Physicians Training". Based on the lists, non-orthopedic residents (observation group) underwent orthopedic training, with their progress and scores recorded for assessment upon completion of the training. Traditional training methods were used as the control group. Finally, the teaching outcomes were compared, including theoretical and practical skill assessments and satisfaction surveys regarding the teaching methods. Results The average theoretical score for the observation group of students was (87.3±5.4) points, and the average practical skill score was (78.7±5.3) points. The average theoretical score for the control group was (84.5±6.7) points, and the average practical skill score was (73.8±5.7) points. There was a statistically significant difference in the practical skill scores between the two groups. In terms of teaching satisfaction, the observation group performed better than the control group. The self-evaluation results of the observation group showed (7.9±0.7) points in diagnostic and treatment abilities, (7.7±0.7) points in practical skills, (8.0±0.6) points in learning interest, and an overall evaluation score of (8.1±0.7) points. Conclusion The "checklist training and point-based management" model plays a certain role in improving orthopedic residents' mastery of common orthopedic diseases and basic surgical operation skills.