作为一种生物可降解材料，聚乙醇酸（PGA）凭借高强度、耐高温和可控降解性成为解决传统油田材料污染与地层堵塞问题的绿色替代品。然而，PGA仍面临高温高盐环境稳定性不足、降解速率调控不精准及成本较高等挑战。文章系统综述聚乙醇酸PGA的制备技术，涵盖直接缩聚法、开环聚合法及煤化工合成路径；系统分析PGA的物理特性、力学性能、热稳定性及降解行为，着重探讨其在油田高温高压环境中表现出的高强度、耐压特性及可控降解优势。在此基础上，重点梳理近年来PGA材料改性研究进展，包括共聚改性中的分子结构优化策略以及共混改性中的界面相容性强化技术。最后，深入探讨当前面临的热稳定性控制、降解速率精准调控等关键技术瓶颈，并展望PGA在智能暂堵、储层保护等油田工程领域的应用潜力。

As a biodegradable material, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has emerged as a green alternative to conventional oilfield materials, addressing pollution and formation blockage challenges through its high strength, high-temperature resistance, and controllable degradability. However, PGA still faces limitations such as insufficient stability in high-temperature/high-salinity environments, imprecise regulation of degradation rates, and elevated production costs. The article systematically reviews PGA synthesis methods, including direct polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, and coal chemical synthesis routes. It comprehensively analyzes PGA's physical properties, mechanical performance, thermal stability, and degradation behavior, with particular emphasis on its high strength, pressure resistance, and controllable degradation advantages under oilfield high-temperature/high-pressure conditions. The review highlights recent advances in PGA modification strategies, covering molecular structure optimization in copolymerization and interface compatibility enhancement in blending modification. Finally, it discusses critical technical challenges in thermal stability control and precise degradation rate regulation, while envisioning PGA's application potential in intelligent temporary plugging and reservoir protection for sustainable oilfield engineering.