采用热重分析仪研究了环氧树脂（EP）、膨胀阻燃剂/环氧树脂（IFR/EP）和层状二硫化钼纳米片/鳞状石墨纳米片/膨胀阻燃剂/环氧树脂（MDNs/FGNs/IFR/EP）复合材料的热降解过程，比较IFR和MDNs/FGNs/IFR加入对EP复合材料的热稳定性和其热降解过程的影响。采用Horowitz-Metzger法、Zavkovic法和Newkirk法计算EP及其复合材料的热降解动力学活化能。结果表明：EP及其复合材料呈现出相似的热分解阶段，IFR有助于提高材料的热稳定性，协效阻燃剂MDNs/FGNs的加入使复合材料的热稳定性进一步提高，材料在800 ℃的残炭率显著提升。Horowitz-Metzger法得到的活化能分别为98.14、56.18、54.98 kJ/mol；Zavkovic法得到的活化能分别为162.89、160.88、155.63 kJ/mol；Newkirk法得到的活化能分别为99.51、52.29、52.77 kJ/mol。

A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to study the thermal degradation process of epoxy resin (EP), intumescent flame retardant/epoxy resin (IFR/EP), and layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets/flake graphite nanosheets/intumescent flame retardant/epoxy resin (MDNs/FGNs/IFR/EP) composites. The effects of IFR and MDNs/FGNs/IFR addition on the thermal stability and thermal degradation process of EP composites were compared. The activation energy of thermal degradation kinetics of EP and its composites was calculated using Horowitz-Metzger method, Zavkovic method and Newkirk method. The results showed that EP and its composites exhibited similar thermal decomposition stages, and IFR helped to improve the thermal stability of the materials. The addition of synergistic flame retardants MDNs/FGNs further enhanced the thermal stability of the composites, the residual carbon rate of the material has also been significantly improved at 800 ℃. The activation energies obtained by Horowitz-Metzger method were 98.14, 56.18, 54.98 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energies obtained by the Zavkovic method were 162.89, 160.88, 155.63 kJ/mol. The activation energies obtained by the Newkirk method were 99.51, 52.29, 52.77 kJ/mol.