文章通过共混改性的方法提升聚乳酸（PLA）的韧性，获得抗冲击的生物降解材料。在PLA中加入乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物（E-MA-GMA）和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS），通过共混熔融反应加工的方法，制备PLA/E-MA-GMA/PBS复合材料，研究了不同E-MA-GMA含量对复合材料的热学性能、流变性能、流动性能、力学性能、相形态、生物分解性能的影响。结果表明：当E-MA-GMA含量为5%~25%时，PLA/E-MA-GMA/PBS复合材料生物分解率均大于60%，符合GB/T 19277.1—2011中生物分解塑料要求。E-MA-GMA可以显著提升PLA/E-MA-GMA/PBS复合材料的韧性和冲击强度，同时进一步说明PLA/E-MA-GMA/PBS复合材料之间存在部分相容性。随着E-MA-GMA含量的增加，PLA/E-MA-GMA/PBS复合材料的复数黏度显著提高，各组分之间发生分子链缠结增强，E-MA-GMA、PLA和PBS之间发生明显的相互作用。

The purpose of this paper is to improve the toughness of polylactic acid (PLA) through the method of blending modification to obtain impact resistant biodegradable materials. PLA/EMA-GMA/PBS composites were prepared by adding ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EMA-GMA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) to PLA by the method of blending and melting reaction processing. The influences of different E­MA­GMA content on the thermal properties, rheological properties, flowability, mechanical properties, phase morphology, and biological decomposition properties were studied. The results show that when the E­MA­GMA content is 5%~25%, the biological decomposition rate of PLA/E­MA­GMA/PBS composites is larger than 60%, which meets the requirements of biodegradable plastics in GB/T 19277.1—2011. E-MA-GMA can significantly improve the toughness and impact strength of PLA/E­MA­GMA/PBS composites, and further shows that there is partial compatibility between PLA/E­MA­GMA/PBS composites. With the increase of E­MA­GMA content, the complex viscosity of the PLA/E­MA­GMA/PBS composites increases remarkedly, the molecular chain entanglement of different components. There is a significant interaction between E-MA-GMA, PLA, and PBS.