地震引发的地表裂缝对于揭示断层活动、解析地震构造特征以及震后灾害评估具有重要意义.本研究结合现场采集的高精度无人机（UAV）数据和深度学习技术，对2025年西藏定日M_S6.8地震的地表裂缝特征进行了自动识别与分析，揭示了裂缝的走向规律，并与InSAR变形数据进行了对比验证.基于现场无人机（UAV）获取的高分辨率影像，构建ResPSP-CBAM模型进行智能识别，成功提取了震后区域的地表裂缝分布.该模型集成了ResUNet的残差结构、空间金字塔池化（PSP）模块和卷积块注意力机制（CBAM），显著提高了地表裂缝识别的精度与鲁棒性.分析结果表明，ResPSP-CBAM模型在准确率、精确度、召回率、F1分数上表现优越，其相应数值分别为0.927、0.829、0.779和0.802，识别出的地表裂缝走向与InSAR解译的地表变形方向高度一致，进一步验证了该方法的有效性.本研究构建的ResPSP-CBAM深度学习模型显著提高了地震地表裂缝智能识别的精度和效率.识别出的地表裂缝包含原生和次生裂缝，且主要以断层破裂引起的原生裂缝为主，总体呈南北走向分布，与登么错断裂带走向高度一致.表明识别区域地震地表裂缝与断层的活动性密切相关.本研究为地震地表裂缝的智能识别提供了新的技术手段，对深入理解震源断层的构造特征提供了有力支持，同时为地震预测、预警及震后灾害评估提供了重要的科学依据.

The moisture content of the soil is the main factor affecting the quality of fine-grained soil. Rapid recognition of soil surface moisture content is an urgent need for developing intelligent monitoring and construction technology in agricultural and geotechnical engineering. In order to overcome the limitation that traditional water content measurement or monitoring methods cannot meet the real-time nondestructive monitoring of soil surface moisture content, an intelligent moisture content recognition algorithm based on the image is developed. Firstly, we collected surface photos of 4 different types of soils under different moisture contents in the laboratory and obtained a high-quality sample library of more than 1 400 pictures, which laid a data foundation for machine learning model construction. Then the classical convolutional neural network is used to learn the image dataset of soil moisture content, and the intelligent recognition model of soil moisture content is established. The model comparison results show that the model based on ResNet34 architecture has the best moisture content recognition effect, and the average error of moisture content prediction on the test set is about 2%. This model basically meets the requirement of real-time nondestructive monitoring of soil surface moisture content and can provide an essential means for the development of intelligent monitoring and construction technology in agricultural and geotechnical engineering.

Qiongdongnan basin is a newly discovered gas hydrate exploration target area in China. There are two types of gas hydrate (i.e. pore hydrate and chimney hydrate), which are characterized by different seismic reflection characteristics. However, there are limitations in using bottom simulating reflections (BSR) in seismic profiles to identify gas hydrate in deep water area of Qiongdongnan basin. For the identification and saturation prediction of gas hydrate in Qiongdongnan basin, AVO forward modeling and broadband seismic inversion analysis are carried out in this study. The elastic parameter characteristics of natural gas hydrate were clarified, and geophysical identification methods for gas hydrate were established. Then, isotropic and anisotropy quantitative saturation evaluation methods were established for pore and chimney hydrates respectively. Based on broadband seismic inversion and saturation prediction using high quality seismic data, this study successfully identified pore hydrate and chimney hydrate in Qiongdongnan basin, and delineated gas hydrate enrichment areas. Three hydrate deposits with maximum saturation above 50% have been selected, the prediction effect of which is further confirmed by drilling exploration. Our results contribute to the selection of hydrate drilling stations and reduce the risk of hydrate drilling in Qiongdongnan basin, and the research method has guiding significance for hydrate exploration in other similar basins.

To investigate the depositional environment evolution and controlling factors of a mountainous river estuary during the Holocene, in this study it selected a drilling core (MLX-S) from the river mouth of Mulanxi, a tidal-controlled mountainous river in central Fujian Province, China. The core was subjected to radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating, grain size analysis, XRF core scanning, and ICP-OES elemental measurements. During the Holocene, the Mulanxi estuary experienced a transition from fluvial facies to riparian marsh facies, shallow marine facies, and finally to tide-controlled estuarine facies. The sedimentary environment evolution was primarily influenced by relative sea-level changes in the study area. The relative sea level along the coast of central Fujian is around 9.0 ka and about -20 m. Subsequently, the marine transgression reached the strongest and the maximum sea level occurred around 5.8 ka, followed by a slow decline till the present. High-resolution XRF core scanning data, after calibration of element relative intensities, can indicate sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental changes. The downcore variation of K/Ti ratio suggests that since 8.8 ka, the sediments in the Mulanxi Estuary were mainly derived from a mixture source of local basin erosion and fine offshore material from the Changjiang (Yangtze River). The core Fe/Ti ratio reached its peak in four strong East Asian winter monsoon periods of about 3.6 ka, 4.3 ka, 5.4 ka and 6.0 ka, corresponding to periods of strong East Asian winter monsoon, which is consistent with the sedimentary records on the East China Sea inner shelf and tightly related to the changes of Min-Zhe coastal current intensity. This study reveals the typical river-sea interaction in the tide-controlled mountainous estuaries along the southeastern coast of China, and suggests the complex source-sink transport processes of Changjiang-derived fine sediments on the continental shelf driven by the Holocene monsoon and sea level changes. This study also promotes the potential application of XRF core scanning in the continental margin where has the unique sedimentary dynamics and environmental changes.

The sedimentary filling evolution during the Paleogene rifting process in Zhu I depression remains hotly disputed. Tracing source to sink process of the Paleogene was carried out on the sandstones of Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation in Zhu I depression, with the method of zircon U-Pb dating. The geochronology, provenance and sedimentary filling evolution in different evolution stages were further explored. The results show that the sags in Zhu I depression not only received the intrabasinal provenances from the paleo-uplift area, but also were affected by the terrigenous supply transported from the northern peripheral uplifts in South China Block during rifting stage. The Wenchang Formation sediments were dominated by intrabasinal short-distance provenances, which were derived from paleo-uplifts nearby the sags, including Mesozoic magmatic rocks, Mesozoic sedimentary strata and Cenozoic volcanics. The U-Pb geochronology of all sags was characterized by the dominance of Yanshanian clusters except for multi-peaks in Yanshanian, Indosinian, Caledonian periods in Lufeng Sag. The sediments of the Enping Formation were firstly affected by the materials from the South China Block in the north of Enping Sag and the west of Huizhou Sag. During the deposition period of the upper Enping Formation, the age spectra of Zhu I depression sediments show a wide Proterozoic to Mesozoic range with the peak complexity in Yanshanian, Indosinian, Caledonian and Jinningian periods. Thus, the sags were filled by the materials from both the South China Block and peripheral uplifts with the gradual increase of material supply from the South China Block, indicating that the basin provenances had changed from near-source to far-source ones. Meanwhile, the Zhu I depression was characterized by large shallow braided deltas that were formed via relatively long-distance transportation.

To address the problems of landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) modeling including possible errors in landslide and non-landslide samples, complex non-linear relationships between environmental factors and unaddressed machine learning interpretability, a deep learning-based Self-screening Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory and Conditional Random Fields (SBiLSTM-CRF) model is proposed to reduce the impact of these problems on LSP and improve its confidence. The SBiLSTM-CRF model has the advantages of deep learning network with deep layers, wide width and iterative modeling, which can predict the non-linear relationship between environmental factors and automatically screen out the wrong landslide samples; it can select non-landslide samples from the initial low/very low landslide susceptibility zone through iterative modeling, and finally reveal the internal mechanism of the coupling of environmental factors to predict landslide susceptibility. The SBiLSTM-CRF model is used to predict landslide susceptibility in Yanchang County of China, and compared with cpLSTM-CRF, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and logistic regression (LR) models. The results show that SBiLSTM-CRF overcomes the problems of sample error and complex nonlinear relationship between factors in traditional machine learning, has superior performance in modeling susceptibility than conventional machine learning, and the interpretability of the model reveals that factors such as slope, elevation and lithology control the development of mounded landslides in Yanchang County.

Due to the complex interaction between geological environment and human activities, the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is prone to frequent landslides. It is urgent to carry out landslide vulnerability assessment, selecting suitable influencing factors and training models. In this study, the CLP was taken as the study area. Based on field landslide survey and data collection, an evaluation system including topography, basic geological environment, meteorology and hydrology, human activities, soil physical and chemical properties, and vegetation coverage was built. The information model (IV) was used to connect the random forest model (RF) and convolutional neural network model (CNN) to build coupling models IV-RF and IV-CNN, and landslide susceptibility evaluation research was carried out. The results show that the accuracy of the coupling model (IV-RF, IV-CNN) is higher than that of the independent model (RF, CNN), and the AUC values of the four models are 0.916, 0.938, 0.878, and 0.853, respectively. The IV-CNN has stronger prediction ability and accuracy. The areas of extremely high, high, medium, low, and extremely low vulnerability areas in the IV-CNN model account for 8.78%, 7.47%, 15.34%, 19.82%, and 47.87% respectively, which are mainly distributed in the mountainous and loess hilly areas with complex geological environment and strong human activities in the south and east of the loess plateau. Slope, erosion type, landform type, clay content and distance from the road rank in the top five in the contribution rate analysis, and are the main control factors affecting the landslide development. The purpose of this study is to provide reliable scientific basis for the prediction and prevention of landslide disasters in the CLP, deepen the modeling idea for landslide vulnerability evaluation research, and optimize the uncertainty of independent model evaluation results.

In order to understand the interannual variation and control mechanism of carbon fluxes in inland river basins in cold and arid regions, an integrated watershed-scale flux observing network has been constructed for the main ecosystems in the Heihe River basin, including alpine ecosystems in the upper reaches and arid ecosystems in the lower reaches. The observed data analysis indicates that the annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and annual gross primary productivity (GPP) were the largest at the cropland site (maize, 729.81 g C/m²/a and 1 184.60 g C/m²/a) and the smallest at the Gobi desert site (94.18 g C/m²/a and 134.97 g C/m²/a) in the Heihe River basin. As to the annual ecosystem respiration (Reco), the wetland ecosystem was the largest (460.22 g C/m²/a), and the Gobi desert ecosystem was the smallest (41.18 g C/m²/a). The explaining capacity of the temperature to GPP, NEP and Reco inter-annual variability is higher in the alpine ecosystems than that in the arid ecosystems. In comparison, the explaining capacity of the soil moisture to GPP, NEP and Reco inter-annual variability is lower in the alpine ecosystems than that in the arid ecosystems. In the upper reaches, GPP, NEP and Reco are positively correlated with GPP, NEP, Reco among sites, but the opposite is true in the middle and down reaches. The shallow soil moisture is positively correlated with NEP, GPP and Reco among all sites in the Heihe River basin. In the upstream, shallow soil moisture is more closely correlated with NEP, GPP and Reco than deep soil moisture, but the deep soil moisture is more closely correlated with NEP, GPP and Reco than shallow soil moisture in the middle and lower reaches.

On the basis of reviewing the current situation and history of groundwater resources evaluation in the Pearl River basin, this paper discusses the basic principle and basic database of SWAT distributed hydrological model. We divided the Pearl River basin into 129 four-level groundwater systems, and fully considered the parameter sensitivity of karst, bedrock fissures and pore aquifer media. Based on the monthly measured runoff of 9 hydrological stations from 2008 to 2016, we carried out parameter calibration and model calibration, calculated the rainfall assurance rate in different years according to the rainfall from 1957 to 2017, analyzed and evaluated the multi-year groundwater resources in the Pearl River basin. Finally, we carried out the inversion of rainfall infiltration coefficient and groundwater recharge model parameters. Through this assessment, the average recharge of the Pearl River basin from 2010 to 2016 is 148.802 billion m³, and the total recharge of groundwater in extra dry years (2011), normal years (2010) and high water years (2016) are 71.949 billion m³, 144.682 billion m³ and 178.187 billion m³ respectively, of which the rainfall in high water years is about 1.7 times that in extra dry years, the groundwater recharge is 2.48 times, karst. The total annual recharge of bedrock fissure and pore water bearing medium is 52.991 billion m³, 44.513 billion m³ and 51.298 billion m³ respectively. Through parameter inversion, the average annual groundwater recharge modulus is 10.83 L/s·km² and the rainfall infiltration coefficient is 0.246, in order to provide data support and scientific services for groundwater development, utilization, treatment and protection in the basin.

Accurate displacement prediction plays an important role in landslide early warning. However, the majority of the existing data-driven models focus on single-point modeling based on time series data which cannot consider the deformation correlation in the whole slope. To overcome this drawback, this study proposed a spatial-temporal attention (STA) mechanism-based deep learning model which combined the convolutional neural network (CNN) with the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. A convolutional block attention module (CBAM) combined with CNN was developed to extract the spatial deformation characteristics of the slope. A temporal attention module and LSTM model were used to learn the significant historical information from the input external conditions time series data. The model also allowed to output the tempo-spatial attention weights to reveal the tempo-spatial characteristics of landslide deformation. The Paotongwan landslide with step-like behavior displacement in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) of China was used to validate the model performance. The results show that, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean average percentage error (MAPE) of the STA-CNN-LSTM model decreased 9.28% and 13.88%, respectively, compared with grey wolf optimization optimized support vector machine (GWO-SVM). The attention weight results calculated by STA-CNN-LSTM demonstrate that rainfall had a larger impact on the deformation of the Paotongwan landslide at the beginning of the monitoring while the influence of reservoir water level decreased with ongoing of the monitoring.

In most of the landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) models, the landslide-non landslide spatial datasets are divided into training/testing datasets according to the principle of spatial random, however, this spatial randomness division inevitably introduces uncertainties into LSP modelling. Theoretically, LSP modelling is based on past landslide inventories to predict the spatial probability of future landslides, which has significant time series characteristics rather than only spatial random characteristics. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to divide spatial datasets into the model training/testing datasets based on the time series of landslide occurrence. Taking Wencheng County in China as an example, 11 types of environmental factors and 128 time-accurate landslides are obtained; Then, the landslide and non-landslide samples connected with environmental factors are divided into two different types of training/testing datasets according to the principles of landslide time series and spatial random, respectively. The division ratios of training/testing datasets are set as 9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3, 6∶4 and 5∶5, respectively, to avoid the influences of different ratios on the LSP results. Thus, the training/testing datasets under 10 combined working conditions are obtained. Finally, several typical machine learning models, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF), are then trained and tested to perform LSP and analyze their uncertainties. Results show that: (1) The LSP uncertainties performed by the time series-based SVM, MLP and RF models are slightly lower than those by spatial random-based models, which verifies the feasibility of dividing by time series; (2) The time series division of training/testing datasets is actually a “deterministic” case among the spatial random division, which is more consistent with the actual situation of landslides. Of course, it is also feasible to carry out spatial random division for training and testing datasets when lacking landslide occurrence time.

Geotechnical engineering named entity recognition is an important prerequisite and the work foundation for geotechnical information mining and knowledge Graph. Aiming at the recognition and classification of named entities in geotechnical texts, this article first designs and constructs a named entity corpus of geotechnical engineering according to Standard for Fundamental Terms of Geotechnical Engineering (GB/T 50279-2014) and other national industry standards; and based on deep learning technologies, a named entity recognition and classification deep learning model GENER is proposed for geotechnical engineering text. In GENER, the distributed representation learning of geotechnical engineering text features is realized based on the BERT pretrained language model; the geotechnical engineering text context feature encoding is achieved based on the BiGRU context coding layer; and based on the label decoding layer of CRF, the context features are decoded to generate the label sequence of geotechnical engineering named entity. Finally, based on the geotechnical engineering corpus, the GENER model is experimentally analyzed. comparing with other deep learning models for named entity recognition based on pretrained language models, the GENER model has better performance. The precision reaches 90.94%, the recall reaches 92.88%, the F1-score reaches 91.89%and model training speed increased by 4.735% respectively.Experiments show that compared with BiLSTM-CRF and CNN-BiLSTM-CRF models, this model is more effective in small-scale corpus geotechnical engineering entity recognition.

Many loess landslides were caused by the agricultural irrigation in Heifangtai terrace, Yongjing County, Gansu Province. Their stability analysis and critical slip surface identification are particularly important, as it can provide a good support to disaster prevention. The loess landslides located on the margin of Heifangtai terrace have the characteristics of progressive backward failure, and the occurred and potential landslides are highly similar. The results from back analysis can provide important data basis for future landslide stability prediction. In this paper, the finite difference strength reduction method was used to calibrate the cohesion and internal friction angle of loess based on the NSGA-II genetic algorithm by setting three objective optimization functions (i.e., mean value of soil strength parameters, slip surface and factor of safety). Taking Dangchuan 2^# landslide in Heifangtai terrace as a study case, based on the slip surface observed after the first slide and assuming its factor of safety was equal to 1, the back analysis results show that the cohesion and internal friction angle of natural loess were 28.20 kPa and 25.16°; and the effective cohesion and internal friction angle of saturated loess were 16.59 kPa and 16.11°. Based on the computed results, the factor of safety and critical slip surface of the three subsequent slides were predicted, with their comparison with in-site observation information. The results show that a more reasonable estimation of loess strength parameters can be obtained by using the multi-objective constraint optimization algorithm, which provides a new solution for the stability analysis and quantitative risk assessment of landslides in Heifangtai terrace.

The Laohushan monogenic volcano is located in Dakouqin area, southern Jilin Province. In order to explore the geochemistry characteristics and genesis of the Miocene tephrite in this volcanic area, together with the coupling between it and the evolution of regional fault structure, the whole rock geochemistry and Pb isotope study on it were carried out. Na₂O/K₂O values of the tephrites are range from 1.30 to 1.38, with low A/CNK (0.97-1.09) and high Mg^# (58.05-61.11) values. The tephrites are enriched in high field strength elements (HFSEs), such as Th, U and Nb, and relatively weakly enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), such as Rb, Ba and K, with LREE/HREE=10.66-11.32. The values of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb are range from 17.661 to 17.675, 15.451 to 15.457 and 37.652 to 37.692, respectively. The parental magma is mainly from the asthenosphere mantle, with a small amount of subducted oceanic crust components, which shows the attribute characteristics of OIB (oceanic island basalt) or intraplate metasomatic enriched mantle source. The depth range of magma formation is about 93-105 km, and the existence of the Yitong-Shulan fault provides conduit and space for magma upwelling and fissure eruption. In addition, the formation of basaltic magma and its associated volcanic activity occurred in an extensional tectonic environment.

Marine sediment is not only a critical burial area of organic carbon from various sources but also a very active biogeochemical reactor, which plays a vital role in the global marine carbon cycle. Compared with the geochemical testing and qualitative description methods, the numerical model can break through the limitations of time and space and quantitatively obtain the reaction rate and flux of each carbon cycle process in marine sediments. Therefore, it has been paid more and more attention by the academic community. The degradation of organic matter in marine sediments is the most critical biogeochemical process driving the carbon cycle. Part of the dissolved inorganic carbon released into the surrounding pore water can diffuse to the overlying water column. The other part can form authigenic carbonate minerals with calcium and magnesium plasma precipitation. In this paper it firstly reviews the modeling process of three main types of sediment organic matter degradation models (discrete model, reactive continuum model, and Power model) and their applications in the global marine sediment organic matter degradation process. Then, starting from the primary and secondary reactions related to the degradation of organic matter, the description method of the reaction rate model of geochemical processes related to the degradation of organic matter in sediments is introduced, and the influence of the degradation of organic matter on the formation of authigenic carbonates and their carbon isotopes is discussed from the perspective of carbonate equilibrium system and isotope mass balance model. Finally, the problems and shortcomings of the current mathematical model in describing the degradation process of organic matter and the formation of authigenic carbonate are analyzed, and on this basis, the research points that need to be strengthened in the future are prospected. It is hoped that in this paper it will provide useful scientific support for understanding the mutual feedback between the ocean carbon cycle and global climate change and establishing a reliable prediction system for ocean carbon cycle and biogeochemistry.

According to the geological characteristics of deep shale gas, such as large horizontal stress difference, small vertical stress difference and strong rock plastic characteristics, evaluation methods were established for the logging curve, total organic carbon, porosity, all gas hydrocarbon, key logging elements, silicon, mineral brittleness, rock mechanics parameters, etc.. And the geology-engineering double sweet spot study along the horizontal wellbore was carried out based on the design concept of geology-engineering integration, so as to accurately identify optimal geological & engineering sweet spot, providing guidance for horizontal well fracturing in deep shale gas play. Then, based on three-dimensional fracture network with high fracture conductivity as the objective function, the volume fracturing pump mode and key parameter optimizations were studied for deep shale gas well under narrow pressure window, i.e., circuitous temporary plugging fracturing technology optimization, the dynamic movement of proppant in complex fracture network and test of fracture conductivity, and research and development for integrated variable viscosity slick water, etc.. Field applications demonstrate that the geology-engineering integration volumetric fracturing technology could improve post-frac gas production by more than 30%-50% compared with adjacent wells. The technology can greatly improve the economic development of deep shale gas wells, and it also has important guiding significance for shale gas wells with vertical depth more than 4 500 m as well.

矿物基复合材料融合了矿物材料的特性和复合材料的优势，因其独特的功效而成为生态环境研究领域的热点，已被广泛应用于水环境质量提升的工程实践中.综述了矿物基复合材料的结构与性能提升方法，包括酸/碱刻蚀、热活化改性、表面改性及金属纳米颗粒负载改性，并探讨了其高效固定/去除水环境中重金属、有机及无机污染物的机制，包括吸附作用、催化反应及其与水体微生物和水生植物等水生生物的联合作用.矿物基复合材料可以通过强化生物生态修复，促进水生植物生长，增强微生物多样性，从而进一步改善水环境质量.总结了矿物基复合材料在水环境治理中的工程应用案例，并强调了未来重点研究方向，评估其在不同水质环境下的效能及长期影响，探索与先进技术的最佳联合应用，优化生产工艺和材料成本.

为调和不同研究重建的全新世长江中下游地区降水演化之间的矛盾，集成分析了具有年代可靠、指示意义明确的12条全新世长江中游降水记录和18条全新世长江下游降水记录.结果显示，长江中下游地区降水自全新世伊始逐步增多，中全新世后降水逐渐减少；晚全新世，长江中下游地区降水演化模式出现分异：长江中游整体重新转为湿润，长江下游在波动中趋于干旱.机制方面，全新世长江中下游地区降水演化总体受控于北半球夏季太阳辐射影响.晚全新世，ENSO活动显著增强，亚洲西风急流位置偏南，叠加印度夏季风环流异常，不仅导致长江中下游地区降水演化模式偏离北半球夏季太阳辐射变化趋势，也造成长江中游相对于长江下游形成更为湿润的气候.

渤中A凝析气田为典型的大型太古代变质岩潜山气田，岩性主要为片麻岩、变质二长花岗岩、变质花岗闪长岩和碎裂二长花岗岩，储集空间以裂缝-孔隙和孔隙-裂缝的组合类型为主.纵向上潜山划分为半风化带和潜山内幕，半风化带普遍发育网状缝和粒内溶蚀孔，形成储集性能好的块状储集体，潜山内幕非均质性强，储集性能差于半风化带；裂缝是有效的储集空间又是良好的渗流通道，大断层附近裂缝相对富集.孔隙型储层的储集空间多为粒间孔和溶蚀孔，主要发育在潜山顶部或潜山内幕断层附近；半风化带储层物性及其溶蚀孔隙展布与断裂密切相关，古地貌高点和断裂系统发育耦合区是有利的储层发育区带；裂缝的密度和开度对气井无阻流量和产量有重要影响.

夏商以来，江汉平原发育的古云梦泽具有重要的历史、地理、文化与生态环境研究价值，但长久以来受到历史记载贫乏和钻孔调查精度的限制，古云梦泽的成因、分布、演化的时空格局尚不清晰.在前人历史文献和钻孔调查基础上，本文首次系统开展了钻孔高分辨率古环境演化研究，真实还原了4 000年来古云梦泽形成演化历史，全面而深刻地揭示了古云梦泽沉积地貌过程与区域新构造运动、气候变化、河道变迁和人类活动的关系.多钻孔沉积学分析表明，古云梦泽发育时期沉积环境具有多样性，包括河床相、漫滩相、湖相和三角洲相，指示了“河流-湖泊-三角洲”复合沉积体系.沉积相自西向东分布呈现一定规律，西部以漫滩相、三角洲相为主，中部以漫滩相、三角洲、湖相为主，东部以湖相为主，古地理重建表明古云梦泽是江汉平原内部河间洼地发育的多变的湖群景观.根据历史文献与钻孔记录重建了古云梦泽形成演化的4个时期：鼎盛期（夏商时期）、淤浅期（周秦汉时期）、萎缩期（魏晋南北朝时期）和湮灭期（唐宋时期）.结果表明，古云梦泽形成演化主要受到新构造运动、气候变化、洪水泛滥与河道变迁以及人类活动的叠加影响：（1）新构造沉降为古云梦泽分布创造了空间条件，长江主泓来水来沙为古云梦泽出现创造了可能，但后续长江主泓的南移对古云梦泽演化趋势影响显著；（2）ENSO(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation)关联的季风异常降水与河道洪水泛滥作用推动了古云梦泽的兴盛，而荆江三角洲的推进与古云梦泽的於浅及萎缩有关；（3）唐宋以来，随着荆江统一河床的塑造、人为筑堤堵穴、围湖建垸和围湖造田加速了古云梦泽的湮灭.总之，本研究揭示了古云梦泽形成演化的时空格局及其复杂的影响机制，为存在已久的争议提供了可靠的答案，也为预测未来长江中游地区江湖关系演变和现代江汉湖群保护提供了重要参考.

以跨圈层作用为特征的地球系统科学正成为当前地球科学发展的主流，同时我国当前特别注重区域经济社会的发展，论文由此提出了流域地球系统科学与区域发展战略相结合的构想.流域地球系统科学是在流域尺度上探索跨圈层的地质作用、地质演化与地质效应，至少包括三个层次的研究主题，分别是流域系统的深浅联动及其资源效应、流域系统的生物与环境的相互作用与协同演化，以及流域环境和人类文明的关系.论文以长江流域为例，探索流域地球系统科学与长江经济带、长三角一体化等区域发展的关系，系统总结了流域三大研究主题的进展以及有待突破的科学难题.在时间跨度上，流域地球系统科学不仅仅限于大河流域的形成及其后续的发展演化，而且还可以追溯到流域形成之前的跨圈层作用.要从时间尺度上突破流域地球系统科学这些难题，进而服务区域经济社会的发展，论文提出了跨圈层作用的一个关键抓手，即水、热、碳三者之间的关系，特别是其中的水热配置及其与碳循环的关系.流域的水、热、碳直接关系到区域的大生态状况，包括生态资源、生态环境、地质灾害和生态文明，因而对区域经济社会发展异常重要.

为了重建中元古代末期冠群真核生物快速演化的环境背景，以华北4条剖面的长龙山组碎屑岩为研究对象，开展了沉积学和矿物学分析.结果表明，怀来剖面深-浅潮下带细-粗砂岩中的黏土矿物以鲕绿泥石为主，指示缺氧铁化的海水环境；而深潮下带粉砂质泥岩-泥质粉砂岩中以海绿石为主，反映次氧化的海水条件.门头沟剖面浅潮下带中-粗砂岩中的黏土矿物以鲕绿泥石为主，指示缺氧铁化的海水条件；蓟县和卢龙剖面深潮下带砂岩中的黏土矿物则以海绿石为主，表明次氧化的环境条件.这些结果揭示，长龙山组沉积期华北浅海的氧化还原条件存在显著的时空差异，增氧促进了龙凤山藻的出现，但氧化水体分布的时空不连续性限制了它们的持续演化与广泛分布.

Wuchiapingian is a key interval as a fast ecosystem recovery period between two mass extinctions, the End-Guadalupian crisis and the End-Permian mass extinction. Carbonate platforms were widely distributed in the middle of Yangtze platform and the Dian-Qian-Gui area during this interval. Among them, the Leye carbonate platform is one of the typically isolated carbonate platforms within the Nanpanjiang basin. The continuous Wuchiapingian marine carbonate (Heshan Formation) was deposited above the disconformity surface on the top of Guadalupian Maokou Formation. The traditional Middle-Late Permian stratigraphic frame scale in this area mainly relies on the fusulinids biozones, while only a few Wuchiapingian conodonts have been reported. Here, conodonts from the base of Heshan Formation at the Shuabacun Section and the Liuwei Section in the Leye platform have been obtained and studied. Eight conodont species (including one new species) belonging to two genera in total were identified, and they are Clarkina asymmetrica，C. aff. asymmetrica, C. daxianensis，C. dukouensis，C. leveni，Hindeodus julfensis，H. typicalis and Hindeodus praechangxingensis sp. nov. . In ascending order, two conodont zones, the C. asymmetrica Zone and the C. leveni Zone can be identified at the Shuabacun Section. And one conodont zone, the C. asymmetrica Zone is also identified at the Liuwei Section. Based on this, we surmise that the beginning of the early Wuchiapingian carbonate deposition occurs in the C. asymmetrica Zone at Leye carbonate platform, after the global end-Guadalupian regression. It can provide important data for studying the local carbonate platform and basin evolution and also regional stratigraphic correlation.

Selecting Indosinian granite in thermal storage layer of hot dry rock targets in the Gonghe basin,Qinghai Province, as the goal layer, using high pressure fluid displacement experiment device, the core fissure seepage and stress coupling loops and unloading test was carried out in this study. The influence law of stress loading process on granite rough fracture permeability was analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of granite fracture permeability in the experimental process were analyzed by numerical simulation technology. The results show that: (1) stress loading leads to deformation of fracture contact surface, which is the main factor affecting fracture seepage, and fracture permeability is negatively correlated with confining pressure. (2) The sensitivity of fracture permeability to different stress loading modes is different; (3) The mathematical empirical formula is obtained on the basis of the test, and the seepage evolution law in the granite fracture channel is analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulation results fit well with the experiment.

Ammonium plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic, but the mechanism of ammonium input on algae-mediated As(III) bio-oxidation remains unexplored. The arsenic-resistant cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. was used in this study. Through laboratory simulation experiments, the toxicity, oxidation of different As(Ⅲ)concentrations mediated by Anabaena sp. was investigated. The influences of the input of exogenous ammonium on the growth of Anabaena sp. and the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) were also explored. The results show that the IC₅₀ value of Anabaena sp. was 15.59 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L As(Ⅲ) were completely oxidized to As(V) within 1 d, 2 d and 7 d, respectively, after inoculating Anabaena sp., With the concentration of As(Ⅲ) increased, the nitrogen fixation effect of Anabaena sp. is enhanced. Furthermore, the growth of Anabaena sp. was promoted within 234 mg/L NH₄ ⁺. With the increase of NH₄ ⁺ concentration from 0 mg/L to 1 mg/L, 45 mg/L and 234 mg/L, 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ) was completely oxidized at 48 h, 36 h, 24 h and 12 h, respectively, as the concentration of NH₄ ⁺ increases, the adsorption of Anabaena sp. to arsenic increases, and the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) accelerates. The research results help to interpret the role of ammonium nitrogen in the process of arsenic biotransformation in natural waters.

广泛分布于火星表面的谷网地貌作为火星地质环境演变的记录者，对认识火星地质历史时期的环境变化、了解火星古气候与宜居性具有重要意义.随着中国火星探测计划的开展，详细了解火星谷网的研究进展尤为重要.对火星谷网地貌的探测历史、形貌分类、时空分布、成因假说等方面的研究进展进行了总结，在此基础上提出了当前火星谷网研究中存在的主要问题与争议，并认为未来可着重在谷网侵蚀沉积物的识别分析、谷网对古气候重建所提供的地质学证据与理论模型预测结果的协调、以及火星与地球谷网的类比等方面开展研究.

火山地层具有特殊的时空属性和地质记录特征，但在盆地充填分析时未引起足够重视.为进一步明确火山地层的地质属性，利用松辽盆地下白垩统营城组全取心浅钻井（营一D1和营三D1井）资料开展火山地层构成要素特征及地质意义研究.营一D1井营城组一段和营三D1井营城组三段火山地层分别识别出3个和2个喷发间断不整合界面、10个和8个喷发整合/不整合界面.根据喷发间断不整合界面属性可知，营一D1井和营三D1井火山地层可分别划分为4个和3个火山机构，稀土和微量元素对火山机构有较好的响应.堆积单元有简单熔岩流、辫状熔岩流、穹丘、热碎屑流、热基浪和火山泥石流6类，熔岩类单元喷发时的火山气体排放强度弱于火山碎屑岩类单元.火山地层具有建造时间短暂和间断时间长久的时间属性，火山地层的建造速率不能简单地利用地层厚度和测试的顶底时间差来计算.

为明确准南侏罗-白垩纪原型盆地特征及其物源-沉积体系演化，对准南山体年龄及侏罗-白垩系砂岩碎屑成分、砾岩砾石成分、重矿物、古水流及砂体展布等时空变化进行分析，定量计算原盆边界距离，同时结合区域地质背景，探讨原盆边界变迁及其沉积物源响应.准南西段山体隆升整体早于中段和东段，侏罗-白垩系物源以再循环造山带沉积岩系母岩为主，原盆距现今边界平均距离在22.2～67.0 km之间.准南西段受控于南北双向物源体系，中晚侏罗世原盆边界发生明显萎缩，并受车莫古隆起演化影响显著；中段受控于南部物源体系，原盆边界在中侏罗世早期前发生持续扩张，随后持续萎缩；而东段在侏罗纪原盆边界持续萎缩，且博格达山自中侏罗世开始持续隆升使区域物源沉积体系发生显著变化.整体上，现今西段和东段区域在晚侏罗世距原盆边界距离更近，近源沉积体系规模连片砂体较发育，而中段在整个侏罗纪距原盆边界较远，远源沉积体系使规模连片砂体不甚发育.早白垩世，整个准南南部边界已基本萎缩至现今盆地边界附近，但区域湖泛作用使近源沉积体系分布局限.

Garnet bearing granodiorite in the Jianfengshan area on the northern margin of Qaidam basin is vein distributed in Dakendaban rock group. The rocks are mainly composed of quartz (30%-35%), plagioclase (45%-50%), potassium feldspar (15%-20%), biotite (5%) and a small amount of muscovite (<5%),garnet (<5%).Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the formation age of garnet bearing granodiorite is (441.1 ± 1.4) Ma, belonging to Early Silurian.The rocks have high SiO₂ (66.27%-74.42%), Na₂O (3.47%-6.75%), Al₂O₃ (14.71%-20.43%), low MgO (0.07%-0.56%), Mg^# (19.8-43.6) contents and strong peraluminite (A/CNK ranges from 0.99~1.34).The minerals are enriched in U, K, Ba and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Eu, Ti and other elements. The REE distribution curves show a right-leaning pattern, showing a weak negative Eu anomaly (δEu= 0.31-0.81). The rocks have high I _Sr values (0.707 123-0.708 081) and negative ε _Nd(t) values (-1.91 to -2.37), and the two-stage model age T _DM2 is 1 660-1 756 Ma. After correction, (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i value is 18.354 7-18.582 2, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i value is 15.365 4-15.641 2, (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i value is 38.254 7-38.654 1. Zircon Hf ε _Hf(t) ratios range from 2.5 to -9.1, and the corresponding Hf isotopic crust model ages T _DM2 range in 1 263-2 012 Ma. The study of rock geochemistry and isotopes shows that the garnet bearing granodiorite in the Jianfengshan is an S-type granite, which was formed in the collision orogenic stage between Qaidam block and Qilian block. It is the early subducted continental and oceanic crust that experienced ultra-high pressure metamorphism (eclogite facies conditions) and the rise of partially molten fluid, resulting in the partial melting of the continental crust.

Liaodong is an important gold producing area in China, and it has become a key research direction to achieve a new breakthrough in deep prospecting here. Geophysical method is the main technical means to discover and detect deep gold deposits. In order to finely characterize the stratigraphic structure of Qingchengzi ore concentration area, accurately reveal the geophysical anomalous characteristics of deep mineralized alteration zone, and establish the geophysical interpretation scale for deep prospecting, multi-parameter geophysical logging and borehole geophysical survey were carried out in ZK12-11 hole in Xiaotongjiabuzi gold mining area. Combined with drill core logging, the response characteristics of lithology and mineralized alteration zone of 300-990 m well section of the hole were analyzed by histogram and crossplot, and the drilling lithology profile and mineralized alteration layer were divided. The results show that the four parameters of natural gamma, apparent resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and polarizability can distinguish the main lithology of borehole, and can be used as the main basis for reconstructing the lithology profile of borehole. The content of pyrite in the pyritization layer is not high enough to cause the decrease of formation resistivity. Graphitization is the main factor causing the decrease of resistivity. The natural gamma high-low transition zone and the low resistivity and high polarization non-magnetic anomaly zone are the prospecting signs of geophysical logging for gold prospecting in Xiaotongjiabuzi gold deposit. Geophysical logging can effectively delineate favorable horizons for gold prospecting, and guide the deep prospecting work of gold deposit more accurately, which should be paid extensive attention.

针对传统遥感地热探测方法存在虚假异常多、效率低等问题，提出一种证据理论融合多视角遥感信息的地热异常探测方法 .基于遥感数据反演的温度信息，分别从全局、局部分块和高程分区等多视角提取温度异常.采用Dempster/Shafer证据理论方法融合上述热异常证据，实现多视角温度异常探测.最后，根据断裂构造建立缓冲区，通过分析缓冲区内及附近的热异常圈定地热范围.以山东省青岛市为例，基于Landsat-8卫星影像利用提出方法探测地热，72.7%的温度异常分布在断裂构造的1 km缓冲区内；圈定的11处地热异常，其中3处为青岛市已全部探明的地热田或地热井，验证了方法的可靠性.与传统遥感地热异常探测方法相比，提出的方法通过融合全局、局部和高程信息，消除了大量虚假异常，提高结果的精度和可靠性.

The deterioration of shear properties of schist under dry-wet cycles has an important effect on the long-term stability of schist slope. Taking the mica-quartz schist widely distributed in Northwest Hubei as the research object, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to reveal the law and mechanism of its shear deterioration. The results of water absorption tests and direct shear tests show that the water absorption of mica-quartz schist increases, while the shear strength and residual shear strength decrease gradually with the increase of the number of dry-wet cycles, and the shear properties show obvious deterioration effect. Based on the changes of mica-quartz schist microstructure obtained by scanning electron microscopy, the deterioration mechanism of mica-quartz schist is revealed. Under the action of dry-wet cycles, the schist plane gradually expands and cracks, the strength of internal mineral particles is softened, the cementation between particles is weakened, and the rock skeleton becomes loose. What’s more, the cohesion is mainly affected by the degree of cementation between mineral particles, so the deterioration rate is fast. While the internal friction angle is mainly affected by the degree of embeddedness and the strength of mineral particles, so the deterioration rate is relatively slow.

To understand the interaction between sampling machines and lunar soil simulant, and to verify the feasibility of modular modeling of lunar soil sampling machines. The experimental study on mechanical penetration load under different conditions was carried out, based on the CUG-1A lunar soil simulant developed by China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), and the theoretical model was established based on the experimental results for verification. The average growth rate of penetration resistance of each machine in the shallow simulation of lunar soil was 19.9%, which was increased to 38.18% in the shallow simulation, and 63.43% in the deep simulation. The average error of penetration velocity to penetration resistance was 2.5%; the average growth rate between penetration angle and penetration resistance was 62.85%; the penetration resistance of different cross-section machines was approximately 1∶2∶3∶4. At the same time, the modular verification of the machine structure was carried out, and the accuracy of the test and model can reach more than 85%. The penetration resistance of sampling machines is significantly correlated with penetration depth, mode and machine structure, and the modular theoretical model can be established to accurately predict the penetration resistance of machines under different conditions.

To ascertain the salinity origin and evolution of aquitard porewater in the coastal zone, this paper collected four borehole core samples in the Laizhou Bay, Lianyungang City, and porewater was then extracted by mechanical squeezing. The chemical and isotopic components of porewater were measured and a solute transport model of porewater since Holocene in a 2D typical section was established. The results show that the total dissolved solids of porewater range from 0.9 to 41.4 g/L from land to sea, and it is higher in shallower sediments and lower in deeper ones. Porewater has Cl/Br ratio of 170-533 (267 in average) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.709 3-0.711 6, together with the positive correlation between Cl^‒ and δ¹⁸O, indicating that saline porewater is of marine origin and has been affected by silicate weathering and cation exchange. In the Holocene aquitard, porewater is trapped ancient seawater in 10-5 ka BP and the downward infiltration led to salinization of the underlying Pleistocene porewater. About 4 ka BP, porewater was diluted by freshwater in the regression, yet paleo-seawater has not been totally flushed. While in the area close to the coastline, the continuous evaporation led to the occurrence of much saltier porewater. Porewater simulation suggests that aquitard porewater salinity evolution is mainly controlled by transgression-regression events, and during transgression, seawater downward invaded in a “finger-like” pattern, resulting in the heterogeneous distribution of brackish and fresh groundwater.

In order to extract accurately and efficiently the bare rock from high-resolution remote sensing image, in this study it used Chinese Gaofen-2 (GF-2) satellite imagery as data source, the slope difference bare rock index (SDBRI) and bare rock shadow index (BRSI) for the extraction of bare rock and bare rock shadow were created, respectively. Based on the two index models, it proposed a strategy for sub-meter-level high-resolution image bare rock extraction in the open-pit mining area. Then the southern mountainous area of Qingzhou City, Shandong Province was selected as the test area. The results show follows: In the SDBRI index image, the values of the bare rock can be easily distinguished from the surrounding vegetation. And the separability of bare rock and other objectives is significantly higher than that of other index models such as NDVI, CRI1, and CRI2. The visual interpretation results from the Google Earth high resolution images are used as verification data for accuracy evaluation, and the IoU index reaches about 91%. The method proposed in this paper can meet the needs of large-scale open rock mapping in mining areas based on Chinese high-resolution image data, and can provide technical support for remote sensing monitoring of mine environment, which has strong practical value.

To identify the formation background of oil shale and the enrichment mechanism of high-quality intervals are the fundamental works for in-situ upgrading of oil shale reservoir. In this paper, geochemical methods, e.g., TOC, major and trace element, rare earth element and biomarkers, were carried out to restore paleosedimentary environment as well as discuss organic matter accumulation mechanism. The results suggest that oil shale within the entire interval of Youganwo Formation is rich in organic matter, and the bottom is composed of thin carbonaceous shale, sandstone and lignite. Mo content, Ba/Al, Ba_bio and biomarkers all reflect that Youganwo Formation has high primary productivity, with intermittent “algal bloom” phenomenon. V/(V+Ni), Ce_anom, Th/U, pyrite framboids and Pr/nC₁₇-Ph/nC₁₈ crossplot indicate that Youganwo Formation was anoxic environment. Sr/Cu, Rb/Sr and climate index C identify that the climate of Youganwo Formation was warm and humid. Sr/Ba, Ba/Ga, Ca/(Fe+Ca), Al₂O₃/MgO and gammacerane feature suggest that water of ancient lake is fresh. The ancient lake of Youganwo Formation was semi-deep to deep, proved by Zr/Al, Rb/K and MnO content. Through the correlations between paleo-environmental parameters with TOC content, it is deemed that the warm and humid climate and freshwater environment can provide good conditions for the flourishing of algae, forming high quality productivity, and therefore it determines the quality and development characteristics of Youganwo Formation oil shale. High primary productivity with abundant organic matter sources is the main condition for oil shale formation, and anoxic semi-deep to deep lake environment, as a promoting factor, is conducive to organic matter accumulation and preservation. To sum up, in this paper it proposes the accumulation model of organic matter in high-quality oil shale of Youganwo Formation in the Maoming Basin.

The timing of the closure of the A’nyemaqen ocean, which was a branch of Paleo-Tethys ocean at the East Kunlun orogenic belt (EKOB), is still a subject of debate. In this study, it presents zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock elemental geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic data on the Haidewula diabase in the eastern section of the EKOB. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope dating reveals that the Haidewula diabase formed at 238±2 Ma. The diabase is characterized by low MgO (2.76%-6.34%) contents, as well as relatively high TiO₂ (1.75%-2.46%) and Fe₂O₃ ^T (8.88%-12.30%) contents. The diabase shows enrichment in incompatible elements, but is relatively depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, and Ti. All these geochemical characteristics imply that the diabase is a production of island arc magmatic activity. Additionally, the diabase displays enriched and uniform Sr-Nd isotopic compositions((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i= 0.711 61-0.712 95, ε_Nd(t) =-3.2 to -2.8). Based on the geochemical characteristics and isotopic compositions, it suggests that the Haidewula diabase was derived from partial melting of an enriched mantle, which had undergone metasomatism induced by the fluid released from the subducting slab, and had experienced some degree of crustal contamination during migration through continental crust. Combing our results and previous studies on Middle Permian-Triassic basic igneous rocks in the EKOB, it proposes that the northward subduction of the A’nyemaqen ocean lasted to the end of the Middle Triassic (238 Ma); the closure of the A’nyemaqen ocean happened during early Late Triassic; then, the tectonic environment of the eastern section of the EKOB transited into post-collisional extension no later than 228 Ma.

The rare-metal and rare-earth mineralized alkaline-carbonatite complex was first discovered in the Dagele area of East Kunlun orogen. This discovery indicates that the East Kunlun orogen has great prospects for rare-metal mineralization. Related studies are vital for understanding the geological processes and searching for rare-metal deposits in East Kunlun orogen. This study reports the geochemistry and geochronology of baddeleyites from peridotite and carbonatite within the Dagele alkaline complex. Baddeleyites from peridotite mainly contain ZrO₂ (96.48%-97.21%) with minor HfO₂ (0.83%-1.17%) and Nb₂O₅ (0.61%-0.93%). After common Pb correction using measured ²⁰⁷Pb, they yield weighted average ages of 381.0±2.3 Ma and 417.5±3.4 Ma with low intercept ages of 381.1±2.3 Ma and 417.7±3.4 Ma, respectively. Baddeleyites from carbonatite are mainly composed of ZrO₂ (91.1%), followed by HfO₂ (4.3%), Nb₂O₅ (1.22%), and FeO (2.31%). They yield weighted average ages of 381.5±2.5 Ma and 416.5±4.5 Ma with low intercept ages of 381.8±1.8 Ma and 416.7±4.5 Ma, respectively. It is inferred that the carbonatite and peridotite are formed at 381.8 Ma and 417.7 Ma, respectively. There are at least two stages of enrichment of Nb in the silica-unsaturated magma. Post-collisional and post-orogenic lithosphere extension and partial melting of mantle beneath the East Kunlun collisional orogen were considered as the geodynamic mechanism for its formation. Therefore, it is suggested that the Late Silurian-Devonian is an important period of rare-metal mineralization. The area between Dagela and Nuomuhong River is one of the important regions for prospecting of rare-metal mineralization.

The interaction between groundwater and rivers is critical to maintaining the health of river ecosystems, but the quantitative research on the groundwater discharge to large rivers in humid regions is currently weak. In response to this problem, in this paper it takes the Jingjiang Section of the middle reach of the Yangtze River as the study area, and uses the ²²²Rn mass balance model to estimate the groundwater discharge in the Jingjiang Section of the middle reach of the Yangtze River through field sampling and hydrometeorological data collection, and uses the EC mass balance model and water balance model to verify the result of ²²²Rn mass balance. The results show that the average groundwater discharge rate of the Jingjiang Section in the middle reach of the Yangtze River is 133 mm/d, the total discharge volume is 1.06×10⁸ m³/d, and the contribution to the water balance is about 10.99%. Among different sub-sections, the groundwater discharge rate from Zhicheng to Shashi is the highest, and the groundwater discharge rate from Jianli to Luoshan is the lowest. Aquifer richness and groundwater table may be key factors controlling the rate of groundwater discharge. This research is of great significance for the local eco-environmental protection and the control and management of water resources, and can also provide a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of water resources in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and eco-environmental protection in the future.

The eastern North China Craton (NCC) experienced strong modification during the Early Cretaceous(130~120 Ma), accompanied by intensive magmatism. Here we compared the geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Early Cretaceous (130~120 Ma) basaltic andesites to andesites from the Luxi region, the Tan-Lu fault, and the Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province,to investigatethe characteristics of their melting sources, and further discussed the possible cause for the heterogeneity of the source. These rocks with insignificant crustal contamination were generally derived from the lithospheric mantle. They mainly experienced the fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, apatite, and Ti-Fe oxide during magma differentiation. However, compared to those volcanic rocks in the Tan-Lu fault and the Jiaodong Peninsula, the volcanic rocks from northern Luxi experienced a relatively lower degree of evolution. These volcanic rocks are characterized by arc-like trace element patterns and enriched Sr-Nd isotopes. The Luxi volcanic rocks are characterized by EMⅠ-type mantle source (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i<0.706), where as those rocks from the central-southern Luxi, the Tan-Lu fault, and the Jiaodong areas are characterized by EMⅡ-type mantle source (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i>0.706), indicating that they were both derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle reservoir which was modified by crustal components. Noticeably, the extent of the enrichment of Sr-Nd isotopes in those volcanic rocks increases gradually from the Northwest to the Southeast. End-member mixing model indicates that the EMⅠ-type mantle source beneath the northern Luxi region was possibly metasomatized by components from the lower crust of the NCC, whereas the EMⅡ-type mantle beneath the central-southern Luxi, the Tan-Lu fault, and the Jiaodong districts was likely metasomatized by materials from the subducted Yangtze continental crust. Fluids from the subducted Paleo-Pacific plate subsequently metasomatized and hydrated the enriched lithospheric mantle of the NCC, leading to the modification in different degrees. Therefore, the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the Shandong Province record significant modification within the lithospheric mantle induced by diverse crustal components. The heterogeneous modification provided critical constraints on the destruction of the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern NCC.