In the southern Tibetan rift zones, there are several approximately north-south trending rifts distributed from west to east. As important tectonic extensional zones within the blocks, these rifts have developed a series of normal faults and experienced multiple strong earthquakes. Since the Late Quaternary, this region has exhibited intense tectonic activity with frequent earthquakes causing serious disasters. For instance, the January 7, 2025 Mw7.1 (CENC: Ms6.9) Tingri earthquake demonstrated the characteristics of “small earthquake with major disaster consequences”. To assess the seismogenic potential of normal faults within the rift zones and understand their disaster-inducing competence, this study divides 92 normal fault zones based on geometric characteristics and statistically analyzed fault trace lengths. Under the assumption of full-length surface rupture along fault traces during earthquakes, combined with empirical relationships between normal fault rupture length and moment magnitude, we estimated the maximum potential magnitudes of normal faults in the rift zones. Results indicate that these normal faults have upper seismogenic limits ranging from Mw6.5 to Mw7.5, with numerous historical seismic gaps. While generally demonstrating strong seismogenic competence, they exhibit an eastward-increasing strength pattern. Bounded by major fault zones to the north and south, and considering multiple historical seismic gaps along the southern magethrust (particularly in the context of accelerated Coulomb stress loading following the 2015 Nepal Mw7.8 earthquake and potential interaction/triggering effects between major boundary faults), the normal faults south of Yarlung Tsangpo River, especially those in the Tingri-Nyalam and Xiongqu fault, show high potential for future strong earthquakes.

On January 7, 2025, a M _S6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County in the Shigatse region of Xizang. In response to the event, it conducted field investigations and high-precision UAV aerial surveys, which indicate that the rupture extends from the central-northern segment of the Dengme Co (or Dingmu Co) fault to the eastern shore of Yangmudingcuomu Lake and the northern bank of the Pengqu River, totaling approximately 36.5 km. The surface rupture predominantly follows existing fault structures, with the southern end exhibiting multiple parallel faults and surface scarps up to 4 km wide. The rupture patterns are complex, combining seismic scarps and extensional fissures of varying dimensions. Notably, the northern section displays larger scarps, with maximum displacements reaching approximately (265±27) cm. Scarp heights vary significantly along the rupture, with minimal vertical displacement at north and south end. Our preliminary findings suggest that the surface rupture length and maximum displacement align closely with global empirical relationships between earthquake magnitude and rupture characteristics. Additionally, the characteristics of the Dingri earthquake’s surface rupture offer valuable insights for studying the geomorphic evolution of single-event seismic scarps and their long-term cumulative effects.

气候变化下高寒区裂隙岩石受长期冻融循环作用而产生劣化，极易诱发边坡突发失稳.为分析其冻融循环作用下的破裂机制及相应的致灾模式，开展了高寒区现场破坏模式调查及不同裂隙长度的寒区花岗岩与石英砂岩冻融循环试验，借助声发射系统和应变测试系统分析了端部裂隙扩展全过程的声发射和微应变曲线变化规律，基于试验和理论讨论了灾害形成机制.结果表明：高寒区冻融作用下的裂隙岩石致灾模式包含冻胀型、融沉型、冻融循环型三大类.针对于广泛发育的冻胀型模式设计的岩石试验结果显示，随着冻融循环次数的增加，试样的裂纹均从裂隙端部垂直向下扩展，无偏转、次生现象，花岗岩试样初期裂纹扩展更为明显，但石英砂岩裂隙会更早贯通.花岗岩声发射计数突增现象前期出现多，后期出现少，最大微应变呈现台阶式增大现象.石英砂岩声发射计数前期趋于平稳，随冻融次数增多，计数频率迅速增加，最大微应变呈现由初期平稳变化到快速升高趋势.断裂力学分析表明冻融条件下裂隙岩体的扩展特征主要受岩性和裂隙长度的影响，因此高寒区灾害的形成受控于岩性和裂隙扩展.研究结果为寒区裂隙岩体破裂演化及致灾模式提供理论依据.

The M _S6.8 Dingri earthquake in Xizang on January 7, 2025, exhibited a spatially extensive and complex aftershock sequence, with a relatively small maximum aftershock magnitude. Additionally, the lack of comparable historical earthquake data in the region posed significant challenges for strong aftershock prediction. This study utilizes phase reports from the regional seismic network in Xizang and applies the double-difference relocation method to precisely relocate the Dingri M _S6.8 earthquake sequence. The results reveal that the aftershock zone extends along a north-south (NS) trend, spanning approximately 80 km in length, with the actual rupture length exceeding empirical estimates. The sequence displays distinct segmentation characteristics, with dense clusters at the northern and southern ends and sparse activity in the central section. The spatial distribution of aftershocks with magnitudes M _L≥4.5 is highly complex, influenced and controlled by multiple factors, including heterogeneous coseismic slip, local stress conditions, fault geometry, tectonic setting, and historical seismic rupture patterns. The largest aftershock recorded was M _S5.0, yielding a magnitude difference of 1.8 from the mainshock. This observation supports the empirical relationship that “larger rupture lengths correlate with greater magnitude differences between the mainshock and its largest aftershock.”

Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) is one of the parameter commonly used to measure the damage potential of ground shaking to building structures, and real-time prediction of PGV is a key technology in emergency response to major engineering earthquakes. To further improve the accuracy of PGV prediction, in this paper it proposes an onsite PGV prediction model based on Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The model takes five characteristic parameters, including peak acceleration (P _a), peak velocity (P _v), peak displacement (P _d), cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and predominant period (T _pd) in the first 3 seconds of the P-wave observed at the station as inputs, and the PGV observed at the station as the prediction target. 6 918 sets of acceleration records from 102 earthquakes recorded by the K-NET station network in Japan were used for model training, and 3 430 sets of acceleration records from 89 earthquakes were used to test the generalization ability of the model. The results show that, within the same dataset, the PGV prediction model based on XGBoost has a predictive value that is closer to a 1:1 ratio with the actual measured values compared to the PGV prediction models based on P _d and support vector machines. Additionally, the standard deviation of the prediction errors is smaller, the mean of the prediction residuals is closer to zero, and the model performs well on actual earthquake cases in China. The PGV prediction model based on XGBoost can be used for the prediction of peak ground motion in local earthquake early warning systems.

The potential of continental shale oil resources in China is enormous, and the lower member of the Xingouzui Formation (LXF) from the Early Eocene serves as the primary target for shale oil exploration in the Jianghan basin. Previous research has mainly focused on hydrocarbon generation potential and reservoir characteristics, while discussions regarding its depositional environment evolution and mechanisms of organic matter enrichment remain relatively scarce.This study takes the Early Eocene LXF from the SKD1 and CY1 boreholes as the main research object. Based on lithofacies, elemental, and isotopic geochemical analyses,it investigates the paleoenvironmental changes and organic matter enrichment mechanisms of the LXF. The results indicate that organic matter content in the LXF is relatively low, with an average total organic carbon (TOC) of 0.9%. During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), rapid warming and oxidative conditions accelerated the decomposition of organic matter, resulting in relatively low organic matter content, with a TOC of only 0.5%. In contrast, during arid climatic periods, increasing lake salinity led to the sequential deposition of evaporative minerals such as anhydrite and glauberite. Under high-salinity conditions, halophilic organisms contribute to part of the productivity. High salt and hypoxic environment promotes the production and preservation of organic matter, with average TOC increaing to 2.56%. These findings indicate that organic matter enrichment in the Jianghan basin during the Eocene was primarily controlled by synergy of productivity and preservation conditions. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of organic matter preservation in continental saline lacustrine basins under greenhouse climate conditions and provides a theoretical basis for identifying favorable stratigraphic intervals for future oil and gas exploration.

During the fault growth process, a fault zone with complex three-dimensional structure is formed. The fault zones occupying a very small volume in the Earth’s crust have a significant impact on the migration of fluids within the crust. The study of the interaction between fluids and solids in these fault zones is of great geological and engineering importance. Over the past 30 years, multidisciplinary research has been conducted on the characteristics of fault zones, permeability, and fluid migration patterns in sedimentary clastic rock. However, there is a lack of understanding and efforts in systematically comparing and comprehensively explaining the findings across different disciplines. In this paper, it summarizes the types, formation mechanisms, and geometric characteristics of fault zone. It systematically reviews data on the permeability of fault zones, analyzes three categories of factors influencing permeability changes, and elucidates the fluid migration behavior within fault zones, including dominant pathways, migration velocity, periodic frequencies, critical conditions, and multi-field coupled migration mechanisms. By summarizing the research progress over the past 30 years, in this paper it is expected to deepen our understanding of the complex geological processes of fault-fluid-mineralization. It is important to note that further interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to conduct more in-depth research on the fluid migration within fault zones.

The occurrence and genetic mechanism of residual uranium in uranium reservoirs after CO₂ + O₂ in-situ leaching of uranium are highly important for improving the in-situ leaching process and leaching efficiency of uranium, but few studies have been conducted in this field. Therefore, this work takes mineralized sandstones and drilling core samples after in-situ leaching of uranium as the research object in the Qian II block of the Qianjiadian uranium deposit in Inner Mongolia. Three types of residual uranium were identified via SEM-EDS analyses: uranium minerals, adsorbed uranium and minerals containing uranium. In the samples after in-situ leaching, uranium minerals include coffinite and pitchblende, which are mainly distributed in the dissolved pores of clastic particles or inside and around clay minerals such as kaolinite. The adsorbed uranium is adsorbed mainly by clay minerals and carbonaceous debris, whereas minerals containing uranium include mainly monazite containing uranium, zircon containing uranium and titanium minerals containing uranium. A comparison of the occurrence of uranium in the mineralized sandstones before and after in-situ leaching reveals the following. (1) In the types of uranium minerals associated with clastic particles, the residual uranium minerals inside the quartz, feldspar, rock debris and carbonaceous debris were observed, whereas no residual uranium minerals at the edge of clastic particles, or inside the mica joints were observed. (2) In the uranium minerals associated with interstitial material, residual uranium minerals associated with pyrite and kaolinite were observed, and no residual uranium minerals associated with siderite were observed.(3) Uranium adsorbed by kaolinite and carbonaceous debris was retained. (4) Minerals containing uranium retains between clastic particles. On the basis of above observations and analyses, four genetic mechanisms of uranium residue in uranium reservoirs during in-situ leaching are proposed. (1) Because of the lack of effective interconnected pores, the in-situ leaching solution has difficulty flowing through the uranium minerals inside the clastic particles, resulting in formation of the uranium residual uranium minerals.(2) Kaolinite can block fluid transport channels, making it difficult to leach uranium minerals associated. (3) Kaolinite has adsorption properties and is stable under acidic conditions, which makes it difficult for the adsorbed uranium to be leached out. Uranium cannot be leached in areas rich in carbonaceous debris because of its strong reduction ability, adsorption capacity and poor circulation in the area. (4) Minerals containing uranium have difficulty reacting with the leaching agent, which results in incomplete leaching. This research has shown that the occurrence of uranium in the mineralized sandstone is an important factor affecting its leaching, and the results provide a mineralogical basis for improving in-situ leaching processes and enhancing uranium leaching efficiency.

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷地热资源开发潜力巨大，但目前仅对浅部中-低温地热资源的成因机制进行了大规模的研究，深部高温地热资源成因机制尚不明确.以区域地质、地热地质、岩石热物性为基础，分析了研究区深部温度场特征和控制因素，探究了传导-对流复杂热传递作用下深部高温聚热机制.渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷地温梯度和大地热流较高，地温梯度介于27.4～39.7℃/km，平均约34.8℃/km，大地热流主要分布在50～70 mW/m²之间.地温场受到岩石热导率、基底构造起伏以及地下水流动的影响，平面和垂向分布均表现出复杂的差异性.通过实测数据计算研究区深部地温，认为凸起区浅部温度高但深部温度低，凹陷区浅部温度低深部温度高.因此形成了冀中坳陷5 000 m内高温地热资源主要分布在凹陷区深部的特征，地层温度可达190℃，可作为潜在干热岩勘探的有利目标.从地质构造、源、储、盖、流体等方面研究了冀中坳陷凸起区水热型地热资源和深部潜在干热岩型地热资源的特征，建立了浅部凸起区水热型地热资源与深部凹陷区潜在干热岩地热资源聚集模式.研究加深了对冀中坳陷乃至渤海湾盆地深部高温地热成因机制和分布规律的认识，对干热岩地热资源的开发利用具有参考价值.

Based on the geological, seismic, and analytical data obtained from the exploration of Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin thrust belt in the Ordos basin and based on the first Paleozoic industrial oil flow Well YT3 discovered in 2022, combined with the tectonic sedimentary background of the Wulalike Formation and Yanghugou Formation oil-bearing series, this study conducts a comparison of Paleozoic oil sources, quantitatively restores the structural evolution process, systematically analyzes the genesis and reservoir-structure coupling relationship of Paleozoic oil reservoirs, constructs unconventional oil reservoir accumulation models, predicts and evaluates favorable exploration areas.The study shows follows. (1) The crude oil of the Lower Paleozoic Wulalike Formation is “single source” from the same layer of mudstone source rocks, and the oil sand of the Upper Paleozoic Yanghugou Formation is “dual source”, contributing to the joint contribution of the Wulalike Formation mudstone source rocks and the Yanghugou Formation coal-bearing source rocks. Both sets of source rocks have the ability to generate oil, and in comparison, the Wulalike Formation source rocks have a greater potential for oil generation. (2) The construction quantitative restoration of the balanced profile method reveals that the differential settlement effect during the Hercynian-Indosinian period is the fundamental reason for the differences in maturity of the source rocks of the Wulalike Formation in the Yindongzi and Shajingzi thrust faults, which is high in the west and low in the east, as well as the differences in oil and gas phases. (3) A “dual source and dual storage” stereoscopic reservoir formation model of unconventional oil reservoirs is constructed through the study of source and reservoir configuration relationship. The Wulalike Formation has developed “self generating and self storing” oil reservoirs, while the Yanghugou Formation has developed “bottom generating and upper storing” and “source in” oil reservoirs. (4) The geological seismic multi-attribute fusion prediction area has a favorable exploration area of 400 km² for the Wulalike Formation shale and 300 km² for the Yanghugou Formation.The volume method estimates the total resource potential of the Upper and Lower Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin to be 1.0×10⁸ t, which is a realistic target replacement area for Paleozoic reservoir exploration.

In order to improve surface wave in the narrow space of the lateral resolving power, a method is proposed to the two-dimensional surface wave phase velocity profile, firstly using linear Radon transform to extract the surface waves in seismic records, then using two adjacent phase difference method to calculate the surface wave dispersion curves, and finally explaining it with half wave. A model of abnormal body at low speed is established in random medium, in the case of a short order. Through data processing of seismic wave records from finite difference numerical simulation of wave equation, it is found that the area of low-velocity abnormal body in velocity profile is obvious and its location is accurate. This technique has been applied to the detection of underground air-raid shelters in Zhengzhou City and the detection of seepage in the Yellow River levee, and the positions of air-raid shelters and seepage channels have been found. This technique has high lateral resolution and is suitable for non-destructive ground detection in urban narrow space.

Jizhong depression is located in the west of Bohai Bay basin. Its Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks have great resource potential, of which related oil and gas reservoirs have been explored in Suqiao-Wen'an area in the depression. However, the hydrocarbon generation characteristics and petroleum resource potential of the coaly source rocks still remain unclear in the Jizhong depression, which seriously affects the oil and gas exploration. On the basis of previous research, in this paper it makes a detailed analysis of organic geochemical characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks. The hydrocarbon generation potential and mechanism of selected coaly source rocks from Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation are also explored by the experiment of high temperature and high pressure hydrocarbon generation kinetics. The research shows that the organic abundance of coal source rocks in the study area is high, indicating good hydrocarbon generation potential. The organic matter types of Taiyuan Formation are mainly type II₂ and type II₁, and the organic matter types of Shanxi Formation are mainly type II₂ and type III, which are mostly in the mature stage.The oil and gas generation capacity of Taiyuan Formation is stronger than that of Shanxi Formation, but the activation energy of coal in Shanxi Formation is lower and it is easier to generate gas. The development of coal-bearing source rocks is controlled by sedimentary environment, paleoclimate and paleoplant factors. The coal of Taiyuan Formation is mainly formed in the coal-forming environment of lagoon peat swamp, and the coal of Shanxi Formation is mainly formed in the coal-forming environment of delta plain peat swamp. On this basis, a coal accumulation model suitable for the study area has been established. This study plays an important supporting role in the evaluation of oil and gas resource potential in the study area.

稀土是重要的战略性关键金属资源.离子吸附型稀土矿床是全球重稀土资源的主要供给来源，其成因机理备受瞩目.石头坪重稀土矿床是赣南地区新近发现的超大型离子吸附型重稀土矿床，其成因机制仍不清楚.对该矿床施工了一个赣南钻自上至下系统取样，运用X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜、X射线荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子质谱等分析，研究风化壳剖面的矿物学、元素地球化学和pH值特征等.结果表明，风化壳剖面的黏土矿物种类和形态表现出分带性，表土层至全风化层中上部主要为较自形的高结晶度高岭石，全风化层中下部至半风化层黏土矿物主要为短管状埃洛石和低结晶度高岭石，反映了风化壳剖面由下至上黏土矿物结晶度由低向高的转变过程，由此导致吸附能力差异，进而控制着对稀土元素吸附-解吸行为的转变.稀土元素由上至下表现为先增加后降低的“弓背式”富集特征以及“上轻下重”分异特征.稀土元素的富集特征与不同风化阶段的风化程度具有显著的相关性，当风化强度<85时，风化强度与稀土含量呈正相关关系；当风化强度>85时，风化强度与稀土含量则呈负相关关系.“上轻下重”分异特征与风化剖面中pH值变化、黏土矿物组成及结构变化密切相关，风化剖面pH值自上而下的逐渐升高，稀土离子迁移能力逐步减弱，向下迁移速率相对更高的HREE更容易在剖面下部富集，并且在高pH值环境下，HREE会被优先吸附.因此，风化壳剖面的矿物组成及结构属性共同制约着石头坪离子吸附型重稀土矿的形成.

The stress triggering of the 2015 Nepal M _W7.8 and M _W7.2 earthquakes on the 2025 Dingri M _W6.8 earthquake and its seismogenic fault are analyzed and discussed in this study, based on the rupture models of the two Nepal earthquakes and a layered viscoelastic crustal velocity model. The results show follows：(1) The 2015 Nepal M _W7.8 earthquake caused a Coulomb stress change of 0.003 9 MPa at the source location of the Dingri earthquake, which was significantly greater than the stress modulation caused by solid tides, indicating that it played a promoting role in the occurrence of the Dingri earthquake. The combined Coulomb stress changes from the 2015 Nepal M _W7.8 and M _W7.2 earthquakes at the source location of the Dingri earthquake amounted to 0.010 4 MPa, exceeding the seismic stress triggering threshold of 0.01 MPa, suggesting that the joint effect of the two earthquakes significantly promoted the occurrence of the Dingri earthquake. (2) During the Dingri earthquake, both the M _W7+ earthquakes caused positive Coulomb stress changes on its seismogenic fault plane, with an average Coulomb stress change of 8 837 Pa. Especially at the source of the Dingri earthquake, the Coulomb stress change exceeded the stress triggering threshold of 0.01 MPa, indicating that the two earthquakes effectively increased the stress level on the seismogenic fault plane of the Dingri earthquake, having a significant triggering effect on the source location of the Dingri earthquake. (3) Considering the two M _W7+ earthquakes in 2015, along with the two M _S5.9 earthquakes in Dingri in 2015 and 2020, it was found that the 2015 Dingri earthquake had a suppressing effect on the Dingri earthquake, while the 2020 M _S5.9 Dingri earthquake had a promoting effect. The combined Coulomb stress changes from these four earthquakes amounted to 0.01 MPa, which triggered the Dingri earthquake. The results of this study provide basic data and information for understanding the seismic hazard analysis of the fault where the Dingri earthquake occurred, with significance for the seismic activity at the boundary of the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, as well as the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.

To improve the accuracy of peak ground motion (peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) prediction in Chinese instrument seismic intensity calculation for on-site earthquake early warning (EEW), a prediction method of on-site peak ground motion based on machine learning and transfer learning is proposed. A pretrained on-site peak ground motion prediction model was established using neural networks based on strong motion data recorded by the K-NET network in Japan. Based on strong motion data from China and the pretrained on-site peak ground motion prediction model, an on-site peak ground motion prediction model for China was established through transfer learning. For the Japanese and Chinese test dataset and Luding M6.8 eathquake, at 3 s after the arrival of P-wave, compared to traditional on-site peak ground motion prediction method, the method proposed in this study has smaller mean absolute error and standard deviation for PGA prediction and PGV prediction. The results indicate that the method proposed in this study can improve the reliability of predicting peak ground motion in on-site EEW to a certain extent, which is of great significance for the development of on-site EEW systems.

The CO₂ geological storage technology in salt water layer is an important supporting technology for achieving China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. However, the current 3D geological modeling technology based on oil and gas development purposes is difficult to meet the requirements of CO₂ geological storage. Numerical simulation and safety evaluation of CO₂ geological storage in salt water layers require a geological model of all strata from the ground to the target layer. Taking the Gaoji area of the Subei basin as an example, using Petrel software and various deterministic and stochastic modeling methods, it conducted research on the three-dimensional modeling technology of the entire strata from the target strata to the surface. The main achievements are as follows. Propose to use the Structural framework method to solve various fault modeling problems caused by complex fault contact relationships, and use the stepped grid method to solve the grid requirements for whole formation modeling. Propose a method of sequentially simulating porosity, permeability, and other models using different geostatistical methods under the constraint of lithological models，and ensure that the number of grids in the entire geological model is less than ten million. Based on the characteristics of the geological model of the entire formation, the accuracy of the geological model of the entire formation in the Gaoji area was tested using the comparison method of reservoir development characteristics. Overall, it is believed that the results of the random modeling in the Gaoji area have high credibility. The geological modeling method proposed in this study can provide a reliable and complete geological model for the numerical simulation and safety inspection of CO₂ geological storage in salt water layers, which is of great significance for the development of CO₂ geological storage in salt water layers.

In order to limit the timing of Mesozoic folds in the eastern coast of South China and study the formation mechanism, in this paper it studies the folds of the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic strata in the northern section and analyzes the geochronology of related geological bodies. Fossils of ferns,pinnules, bivalves found in the strata confirm the sedimentary age from the Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic. The NE fold is invaded by the Late Jurassic volcanic rock (zircon U-Pb age at 163-148 Ma). The NW fold is invaded by the Late Jurassic granite (zircon U-Pb age at 157-154 Ma). Combined with the previous debris zircon U-Pb age obtained in the formation (171-173 Ma), comprehensive analysis indicates that the fold was formed in the middle and late Middle Jurassic. NE fold is longitudinal bending fold, which is the product of regional NW-SE extrusion; NW fold is formed by shear fold, which is the product of NW transverse fault in the fold reverse zone. The different trending Jurassic folds in the northern section of Lianhuashan fault, Guangdong, are the tectonic response of South China block to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate.

The transformation of arsenic in hot springs is significantly affected by biotic sulfur oxidization. However, the effects of different types of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms on arsenic transformation are still not well understood. In this study, it compared the effects of anthiosulfate-oxidized bacterium Anoxybacillus flavithermus DB-1 and anelemental sulfur-oxidized archaea Sulfolobus tengchong RT8-4 on arsenopyrite, a typical sulfur-arsenic-bearing mineral from hot springs. The results show that strain A. flavithermus DB-1 could oxidize 60% of As(Ⅲ) at an initial concentration of 0.1 mmol/L in two days, but not elemental sulfur at 50 ℃, pH 7.0-8.0. Strain S. tengchong RT8-4 was able to oxidize 54.3% of Fe(Ⅱ) at an initial concentration of 0.1 mmol/L within 8 days, but could not oxidize sulfur ions and arsenic under the conditions of pH 3.0 and 75 ℃. Co-culture of A. flavithermus DB-1 with arsenopyrite promoted the release of arsenic and sulfur, and the final concentration of arsenic released into the solution was 1.8 mmol/L, SO₄ ^2- concentration was 10.4 mmol/L, and no secondary mineral was produced. With S. tengchong RT8-4, 12.8 mmol/L of arsenic, SO₄ ^2- 87.7 mmol/L and 8.5 mmol/L Fe(Ⅲ) were released, and the secondary minerals such as jarosite, yavapaiite and scorodite were generated. These findings suggest that different sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms can affect arsenic migration and transformation in different ways in hot springs, which improves our understanding of arsenic and sulfur biogeochemistry in hot springs.

It is an important method to simulate P- and S-wave velocities using digital core obtained from X-ray CT images. However, since it is impossible to differentiate clay and grains, and abundant micro-pores exist in shaly tight sandstones, simulating P- and S-wave velocities using digital core is a challenge. In this study, 2D digital core models are constructed and simulated using finite element method to understand the effect of clay content and distribution, amount of micro-pores on the rock elastic properties. The results will be used to assist the construction of a 3D model that can be used to simulated P- and S-wave velocities of shaly sandstones. The results show that dispersed clay and framework clay have minor effects on the bulk modulus, while interstitial clay shows large effect on bulk modulus. Effects of the different clay distributions on shear modulus are similar. Clay distribution has larger effect on bulk modulus than clay content, whereas clay content has larger effect on shear modulus than clay distribution. Micro-pores related to dispersed clay have minor effect on rock elastic properties, however micro-pores related to framework clay and grain-grain contact clay are sensitive to rock elastic properties. In addition, micro-pores have larger effect on shear modulus than bulk modulus. Based on the above results, a 3D digital core model using 3D watershed method on the X-ray images has been built and the results show good match with the measured velocities.

白云岩赋矿的密西西比河谷型（Mississippi valley-type, MVT）铅锌矿床中，白云石的成因长期存在争议，川滇黔地区会泽超大型铅锌矿床为典型的白云岩和白云质灰岩赋矿的MVT矿床，是回答这一问题的有利对象.选择会泽矿区远矿端摆佐组地层中浸染状、条带状、块状白云石（岩），通过详细的矿相学和阴极发光（CL）镜下观察，结合主量元素、LA-ICP-MS原位成分和碳、氧、锶同位素分析，系统研究了其成因.结果发现，摆佐组地层中的白云石分3个阶段产出.其中，第1阶段交代型粉晶白云石（Dol 1）见选择性和组构保留交代，CL呈蓝紫色，MgO/CaO平均值0.68,Fe,Mn含量较低，具有LREE弱亏损，Eu、Ce负异常和La正异常；第2阶段交代型细-粗晶白云石（Dol 2）见组构保留交代和重结晶现象，CL呈紫红色、暗红到橙红色，MgO/CaO平均值0.71,Fe、Mn含量较第1阶段升高，显示轻微LREE亏损，Eu负异常，Ce负异常-轻微正异常，C-O、Sr同位素均在同期早石炭世海水范围之内；第3阶段孔隙充填型白云石胶结物（Dol 3）,CL为暗红色和亮红色两种环带交替，MgO/CaO平均值为0.68，具有较高的Fe、Mn含量，显示MREE富集，Eu负异常、Ce无异常.这些特征表明，第1阶段白云石化流体为局限的氧化海水，第2阶段为氧化到弱氧化的浅部孔隙海水，第3阶段可能为还原环境下的富锰深部孔隙海水或残余海水.基于此，建立了会泽铅锌矿区摆佐组地层大范围白云石化的形成过程：（1）近地表-浅埋藏环境中渗透回流模式形成Dol 1和Dol 2,(2)埋藏环境发生重结晶作用对白云石进行改造，形成粗晶白云岩，（3）成岩后深埋藏阶段粗晶白云岩的孔隙中沉淀Dol 3.因而，近矿端与远矿端白云石具有相似的特征和成因机制，局部近矿端白云石可能经历了热液流体的改造.

为探究库区滑坡易发性演化规律，以三峡库区万州区多时序滑坡为研究对象，利用频率比法分析滑坡空间分布时变规律，通过机器学习算法建立多时序下的滑坡易发性模型并分析模型时效性及易发性演化规律，采用标准差椭圆刻画不同时序下高易发区的分布趋势.结果表明：各孕灾因子对滑坡的贡献度随时间变化；易发性模型的建模精度随滑坡编录数据时间跨度的增加而降低；按照时间顺序采样的滑坡易发性模型建模精度高、预测精度低，且预测性能随时间推移而降低；不同时序下高易发区的标准差椭圆分布存在显著差异且与人类工程活动相关.研究揭示了滑坡易发性的时变性和演化规律，未来应从滑坡发育的时间视角出发，探索具有时效性的易发性评价方法 .

Ocean tide is the dynamic basis driving the hydrodynamic changes of groundwater. In order to explore the influence of ocean tide on the groundwater dynamics in Naozhou Island, Guangdong Province, the groundwater level and salinity were used as the main indicators, and the frequency characteristics of groundwater dynamics relative to tides were analyzed by power spectrum. Moreover, the amplitude and phase of groundwater dynamics were analyzed by combining wavelet transform and cross-correlation methods. The results show follows: (1) The response of groundwater to tidal loading has a certain spatial range. The horizontal influence of ocean tide on the groundwater level in Naozhou Island is about 400-500 m. (2) The distance from the sea and the aquifer properties are the main factors affecting the hydrodynamic response to the tide. (3) The channel connecting groundwater and seawater in Naozhou Island is distributed in the Quaternary medium sand layer. When the aquifer has a good hydrodynamic response to the tide and good connectivity with seawater, the seawater salt is more easily transmitted to the groundwater. The response analysis of groundwater dynamics to ocean tides can identify the influence range of ocean tides effectively, providing an important basis for the salinity phenomenon of groundwater in the island or nearshore areas.

为了研究湖泊湿地潜流带沉积物中碳氮磷生态化学计量特征及其影响因素，在南洞庭湖湘江入湖口处湿地布设了4条监测剖面共16个钻孔，在0～10 m深度范围内共采集沉积物样品156件进行参数测试.运用相关性分析、冗余分析和结构方程模型等方法开展相关研究.结果表明，沉积物总碳（TC）、有机碳（SOC）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量均值分别为8.99、7.30、0.93和0.46 g/kg，具有随取样深度（H）增加而减小的特征.沉积物C/N、C/P和N/P的平均比值分别为10.46、46.51和5.06，具有很强的空间变异性.C/N和C/P较低说明有机氮和有机磷容易发生矿化作用，而较低的N/P则指示沉积物主要受到氮的限制.TC、SOC、TN、TP与H和氧化还原电位（Eh）显著负相关，与含水率（ω）显著正相关.H、Eh和ω是影响湿地沉积物碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量特征的主要驱动因素.

钡铁钛石，白云鄂博矿床中发现的第一个新矿物，而关于其形貌特征、共生组合、矿物成因等研究相对较为薄弱.基于近年来发现的一些晶型完整的粗粒钡铁钛石晶体，利用偏反光显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、场发射电子探针等分析测试仪器对其开展了详细的矿物学及矿物化学研究.结果表明：钡铁钛石颜色为褐红色至黄红色，粒径在0.3～1.0 mm左右，呈板状、放射状和柱状3种形态赋存于霓石型、闪石-云母型、白云石型矿石和H9板岩中，主要共生矿物为霓石和钠闪石.同时受后期热液影响，矿物晶体发生了不同程度的蚀变交代，重新沉淀结晶出了钛铁矿、菱铁矿和重晶石等矿物.由于碱性热液流体中Nb⁵⁺和Ti⁴⁺、Fe³⁺等发生不同程度的类质同象替换，钡铁钛石晶体中含有一定量的Nb₂O₅，且放射状钡铁钛石中的铌含量最高，达到1.72%，除包头矿、铌包头矿外，钡铁钛石是矿区另外一种典型的含铌Ba、Ti、Fe硅酸盐矿物.综上，初步认为钡铁钛石的结晶分布主要受矿区钠质流体作用控制，板状钡铁钛石、放射状和柱状钡铁钛石分别代表了矿体霓长岩化的早晚两阶段产物.此外矿体中含有Ti元素的矿物是值得关注的重要铌矿物和含铌矿物，后续研究中需引起重视.

赞皇地体位于华北克拉通中部造山带的东南段，出露有太古代至古元古代复杂的岩石组合和构造变形，是研究华北克拉通中部造山带早前寒武纪构造热演化的重要窗口.对赞皇地体内一条出露完好的韧性剪切带进行了大比例尺岩石-构造填图、岩相学、黑云母³⁹Ar-⁴⁰Ar年代学和石英EBSD组构分析，限定了剪切带的运动学特征和形成时代，进一步探讨华北克拉通古元古代构造热演化过程.韧性剪切带主体岩性为花岗质糜棱岩，主要由石英（30%～40%）、黑云母（5%～15%）和长石（35%～55%）组成.韧性剪切带内岩石变形强烈，发育有正断层、褶皱、旋转碎斑等变形构造，面理产状和旋转碎斑均指示北西-南东向的剪切作用.糜棱岩中黑云母氩氩年龄测试得到了1 781～1 745 Ma的坪年龄，表明剪切带形成于古元古代晚期.糜棱岩中石英的EBSD组构反映石英主要为底面a滑移，指示变形温度低于400℃.综合赞皇地区前人研究成果，提出赞皇变质地体在古元古代晚期经历了一次构造热事件的强烈扰动.

黄素类还原酶（FMN还原酶）是微生物分泌电子穿梭体引导铁氧化还原的重要酶.为探讨FMN还原酶基因作为铁循环微生物指示物的可行性，以汉江下游河水-地下水交互带为研究区，研究了3个不同特点的河水-地下水交互带剖面沉积物中不同价态Fe浓度、代表性铁循环微生物和FMN还原酶基因相对丰度的分布相关性.结果表明：（1）在离河较近的地下水位以下区域聚积Fe(Ⅱ)，而Fe(Ⅲ)主要聚集在地下水位线上或离河较远的区域；（2）铁循环微生物和FMN还原酶主要分布在近河岸地下水位线下的区域或水位线的周围，不同的铁循环微生物聚集的区域不同；（3）铁循环微生物总丰度ICB与FMN还原酶基因呈现出极显著的正相关.该研究结果表明FMN还原酶基因可以作为交互带铁循环的微生物指示物.

河西务断裂是一条处于京津冀城市群腹地规模较大的第四纪断裂，围绕该断裂开展的一系列浅层人工地震及钻孔联合剖面勘探进一步揭示，该断裂为一条晚更新世早期活动断裂.近期天津市地震局跨该断裂完成的4条28T可控震源人工地震勘探测线，为研究该断裂的断裂特征及活动性提供了新证据.人工地震剖面显示：（1）该断裂倾向南东，视倾角55°～75°，向北延伸止于高王公路与京塘公路之间，在北端剖面上呈上陡下缓的单一断层，向南则呈雁列式或“Y”字型构造，总长度约50余千米；（2）不同剖面上显示的断层最浅上断点埋深存在差异，但普遍达到150 m以上，表明河西务断裂展布存在差异性，但断裂断错中更新统底界，并向上延伸至上更新统，活动时代为晚更新世早期断裂.区域资料显示，该断裂向南延伸与牛东断裂相接，二者共同组成了一条规模超100 km的断裂带，存在发生7级以上地震可能.从京津冀城市群防范大震风险需求出发，对该断裂设定地震Mw7.3进行了数值模拟，潜在的长周期地震动可能对京津冀地区具有重要影响.

西藏朱诺矿集区位于冈底斯成矿带西段，区内北东-南西向化探异常呈串珠状大面积展布，成矿条件优越，是新一轮找矿突破战略行动部署的重点区块.北姆朗铜钼矿床为近年来在该矿集区内继朱诺超大型矿床之后新发现的又一斑岩型铜钼矿床，累计查明铜金属量49.72万吨，平均品位0.51%.北姆朗铜钼矿床岩浆作用强烈，发育成矿前石英斑岩（～49.7 Ma），成矿主期二长花岗斑岩（～14.8～14.0 Ma）、二长花岗岩（～14.8～14.1 Ma）、闪长玢岩（～14.6 Ma）和成矿晚期花岗斑岩（～12.5～11.0 Ma）、煌斑岩.矿化主要赋存在成矿主期岩体及成矿前石英斑岩中，与成矿密切相关的地质体为二长花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩.北姆朗铜钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄限定成矿时代为13.8±0.1 Ma.北姆朗铜钼矿床角砾岩发育，包括电气石胶结角砾岩、碎屑物支撑结构角砾岩和石英-黄铁矿胶结角砾岩.北姆朗铜钼矿床热液蚀变强烈发育，由中心钾化（进一步分为钾长石蚀变和黑云母蚀变）、外围青磐岩化和浅部绢英岩化蚀变组成，3种蚀变相互叠加，其中黑云母化蚀变与矿化最为密切.北姆朗铜钼矿床的发现证实主流观点认为不能成矿或成矿潜力较小的区域也可以形成大型-超大型斑岩铜矿床，为深入研究碰撞造山带斑岩成矿作用过程及深部控矿机制提供了新的实例.北姆朗铜钼矿床的发现得益于地质、化探、高光谱等综合找矿方法应用示范，特别是短波红外光谱技术可以很好地指示热液/矿化中心.该矿床的发现为该区域寻找同类型矿床指明了方向，也为朱诺矿集区成为我国又一个新的千万吨级铜资源基地提供了重要成果支撑.

研究全球平均海平面（GMSL）上升过程中的年际波动有助于深入了解GMSL变化特征.主要分析GMSL在2005—2016年期间经历的两次显著年际波动及其成因，定量分析全球各大洲陆地水储量（TWS）异常的空间分布及其对GMSL年际波动的贡献，并探讨各大洲TWS变化与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）之间的相关性.结果表明在GMSL年际波动中与海水质量变化相关的重力海平面（BSL）变化贡献占80%，与海水温盐度变化相关的比容海平面变化的贡献约为20%，格陵兰岛和南极洲冰盖消融主要影响BSL的长期变化趋势，各大洲TWS异常变化则主导了BSL的年际变化，其中南美洲贡献最大，其次是北美洲、亚洲和大洋洲，欧洲TWS贡献最小.南美洲TWS异常变化与ENSO关联性最强，相关系数为-0.76，并存在超前7个月相位差，北美洲关联性最弱，超前5个月时相位差时达到最大值-0.25.

探究微生物群落在岩浆热源型高温热泉的分布特征及其对环境变化响应，选取云南腾冲3处热泉及其流径上的14个样品，对样点进行物化指标测定和16S rRNA基因扩增子测序，并分析微生物群落与环境因子之间的相关性.3处热泉在属水平上具有不同的优势类群，蛤蟆嘴及其流径为Thermus、Hydrogenobacter、Caldimicrobium和Fervidobacterium；朗蒲及其流径为Candidatus＿Caldiarchaeum、Ignavibacterium和Thermodesulfovibrio；桥泉及其流径为Candidatus＿Nitrosocaldus、Chloroflexus、Meiothermus、Ralstonia和Gemmata.典范对应分析结果表明热泉中基本物化参数（T和S(-Ⅱ)）、主量元素（Mg、Ca和K）和微量元素（W、Al、Ba、Rb、Li和Cs）对微生物群落影响显著（P<0.05，方差分解分析结果表明它们的解释量分别为21.07%、6.69%和6.24%，共同解释量为7.32%，环境因子解释量总计41.32%.云南腾冲岩浆热源型热泉的水化学组成差异在一定程度上驱动了微生物优势类群发生演替.

新民堡断裂是河西走廊西段酒西盆地内部最北侧的一条逆断裂-褶皱带，全新世晚期仍然活动，断错地貌清晰.利用高精度无人机SfM摄影测量方法与断错地貌精细解译，从构造地貌学角度厘定了新民堡断裂累积位错值和1785年惠回堡地震的同震地表位错.根据高分辨率地形地貌数据共测量统计了90组断层陡坎位错值，结合累积位移概率分布曲线，得到7次位错丛集峰值，推测新民堡断裂晚第四纪大致发生过7次古地震事件，符合丛集地震特征，最新两期位移量峰值0.9 m、1.5 m分别对应1785年地震及距今3.8±0.3 ka的古地震事件.根据其平均同震位错值0.9 m，核定1785年惠回堡地震震级约为6.6级，与历史地震考证结果吻合.结合铲式断层模型进一步厘定了新民堡断裂全新世以来的垂直滑动速率约为0.1±0.02 mm/a，水平缩短速率约为0.18±0.06 mm/a.综合分析表明，1785年惠回堡地震为发生在新民堡断裂上的一次逆断裂-褶皱型地震，与河西走廊内部发生的2003年甘肃民乐-山丹6.1、5.8级地震和2002年玉门Ms5.9地震的发震机制类似，表明河西走廊盆地内部具有挤压逆冲-褶皱型的发震机制，未来需加强对此类地震构造带的进一步研究和震灾防御.

针对以往对柴达木盆地七个泉组岩性岩相涵义不清，尤其是其沉积时代是否存在中更新世争议颇大等问题，对位于青海省茫崖市七个泉子地区的七个泉组建组剖面（Z剖面）北部的七个泉组辅助层型剖面（Y剖面）开展了精细实测，并且在该剖面从底到顶首次获取了4个电子自旋共振（ESR）年龄，分别是562±64 ka、511±90 ka、438±32 ka和379±33 ka，进一步证实了七个泉组存在中更新世沉积序列.在详细分析Y剖面和Z剖面岩性岩相组合的基础上，将七个泉子剖面划分为下细上粗两段：剖面下部的泥-粉砂为主的湖相地层序列划归为七个泉组一段，上部以砾-砂为主的冲积扇根-扇中相的地层序列归为七个泉组二段.结合前人在Z剖面所获古地磁年龄和本次在Y剖面所获ESR年龄，七个泉组一段的沉积时代以早更新世为主，七个泉组二段的沉积时代以中更新世为主.虽然七个泉组一段在下、二段在上，但两者在早更新世晚期-中更新世早期期间存在相变关系，即两段地层的分界面是穿时的.还将七个泉组建组剖面与柴达木盆地其他同期地层进行了对比，为区域第四纪岩相古地理分析及第四纪钾盐等重要矿产勘查，提供了新的地层学基础材料.

全球气候变暖背景下，寻找吸收大气二氧化碳（CO₂）的碳汇途径十分紧迫和必要.农业区粪肥及化学肥料等人为输入产生的酸性物质，释放更多的溶解性无机碳（dissolved inorganic carbon,DIC）进入浅层地下水，是一个重要的碳汇过程，但强降雨过程对其影响仍不清楚.选择豫北某蔬菜种植区浅层地下水作为主要研究对象，对比选取粮食作物种植区浅层地下水以及研究区深层地下水，于2021年4月和10月分别采集水体样品，借助水化学组成，水体氢氧同位素(δD_H2O和δ¹⁸O_H2O)以及δ¹³C_DIC组成，探讨强降雨过程对农业区浅层地下水无机碳循环的影响.研究结果表明：雨季强降雨过程导致更多人为污染物进入蔬菜种植区浅层地下水，总溶解性固体含量（TDS）均值由649 mg/L增加至1 195 mg/L,δ¹³C_DIC均值从-12.25‰降至-14.14‰，变化幅度均大于对比区域地下水，表明更多有机质进入浅层地下水并发生降解；4月和10月蔬菜种植区浅层地下水DIC含量均值分别为7.87 mmol/L和7.74 mmol/L，虽然变化不大，但随着地下水水位增加11～15 m,DIC输入通量增加，碳汇能力显著增强.研究结果证实蔬菜种植区人为输入对浅层地下水的影响，同时验证强降雨过程可以将更多的DIC输入浅层地下水，增加地下水溶解组分含量，增强地下水碳汇能力.

为了指示地热勘察空白区内地热水的分布，经系统试验阐明了土壤氡含量测试结果与采样深度、测量时间、土壤孔隙度、土壤湿度等重要影响因素的关系，确定了最佳的土壤测试条件，优化了传统土壤氡测量方法 .在此基础上，选择山西忻州盆地内的地热勘查空白区为典型研究区，基于优化后的土壤氡测量方法识别了区内控制地热水升流的主要导水断裂，并辅以浅层地下水温测量及其水文地球化学研究，查明了区内水热型地热的分布规律.研究成果有望推广应用于受断裂控制的中低温对流型地热系统的勘查实践.

叶蜡石已成为生产各类新型功能材料的关键原料之一，我国热液成因叶蜡石矿的资源量占比高，因此完善该类叶蜡石矿矿床成因模式的认识有利于相关勘查工作的开展，进而为相关新型材料制造业的稳定发展提供可靠的原料保障.对福州加良山叶蜡石矿进行系统的剖面调查工作，并利用综合矿物分析仪（TIMA）、电子探针X射线显微分析仪（EPMA）和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS），对采集样品的蚀变矿物组成及元素含量进行系统的定量分析.基于相关蚀变矿物的生成关系，对福州加良山叶蜡石矿存在的蚀变分带情况进行了分析，明确了不同类型矿石和围岩中存在的蚀变矿物组合、成因和所需条件.并依据蚀变形成的叶蜡石、硬水铝石、绢云母和高岭石矿物中的元素含量特征，探讨了蚀变过程中的部分元素的地球化学迁移行为.系统野外调查和定量测试结果表明：加良山矿区的蚀变组合在空间分布上具一定的分带性，从火山中心向外叶蜡石化逐渐减弱，且矿物组合存在由高温蚀变向低温蚀变转变的趋势.而加良山叶蜡石矿的形成与火山及热液演替活动有关，长期反复的热液活动改造了区域内的高铝火山岩，并让围岩中的矿物发生蚀变、元素发生迁移，最终形成了大规模的工业叶蜡石矿.而矿体中可用于工艺品加工的叶蜡石形成所需条件更加严格，需要蚀变热液的SiO₂未饱和，温度保持在合适范围（约273～370℃），且存在断裂为其提供生长空间.

苏云河钼矿是中亚造山带内西准噶尔地区的超大型斑岩型钼矿床，赋矿岩体为侵入至中泥盆统巴尔鲁克组火山碎屑岩的二长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩.围绕苏云河钼矿含矿岩体开展了详细的岩石学、地球化学、同位素与年代学研究，发现：（1）苏云河二长花岗斑岩、花岗斑岩与花岗闪长斑岩的形成时代为294～302 Ma，矿区斑岩的形成与后续矿化可能是连续的岩浆-热液演化过程；（2）苏云河二长花岗斑岩、花岗斑岩与花岗闪长斑岩可能是同源岩浆不同程度结晶分异的结果，主微量元素均显示出相关性耦合变化，且具有一致的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成；（3）矿区岩体富集Rb、U、Th、Nd和Hf，亏损Ba、Nb、Ti和P，显示出后碰撞花岗岩的地球化学特征；（4）较高的Sr含量(平均为202.41×10^-6)与Sr/Y比值（平均为14.97）、中等的ε_Nd（t）值（+3.8～+6.0），以及较高的锆石ε_Hf（t）值（+9.7～+15.6）指示苏云河矿区岩体岩浆主要源于新生幔源物质与少量古老地壳物质的熔融混合.

东昆仑造山带志留纪的岩浆岩对于确定原特提斯洋的碰撞演化过程具有重要意义.通过对东昆仑造山带东段沟里地区出露的迈龙二长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩开展岩相学、年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素研究，探讨岩石成因及其形成的构造背景.结果表明，二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩年龄分别为438±3 Ma和426±2 Ma，指示侵位时代为早志留世和晚志留世.二长花岗岩具有高硅（SiO₂=71.86%～74.37%）、富钾（K₂O=4.67%～5.81%）、贫钙、镁、钛和磷和弱过铝质（A/CNK=1.01～1.08），较富集大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Sr、U和Th），亏损高场强元素（HFSE，如Nb、Ta和Ti）等特征，以及负Eu异常特征，锆石ε_Hf（t）值在-9.2～12.7之间，二阶段模式年龄T_2DM（Hf）为1 805～592 Ma.花岗闪长岩具有高铝（Al₂O₃=15.90%～17.12%）、高锶(Sr=359×10^-6～468×10^-6)、低钇、高Sr/Y（33.2～87.5）和（La/Yb）_N（11.6～43.7）比值等特征.岩石稀土元素总量较低，轻重稀土分异明显，富集大离子亲石元素（LILE;Rb、K、Sr、Th、U），亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素，具有正Eu异常特征，锆石ε_Hf（t）为-4.9～-0.7，二阶段模式年龄T_2DM（Hf）为1 559～1 322 Ma.迈龙二长花岗岩具有高分异I型花岗岩的特征，是下地壳长英质岩浆和少量地幔镁铁质岩浆混合后经历高程度分离结晶作用的产物；与前者不同的是，花岗闪长岩具有埃达克岩的特征，由加厚的新生下地壳部分熔融后经过一定程度分离结晶作用形成.结合区域上报道的最新资料，二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩可能分别形成于同碰撞环境和同碰撞向后碰撞伸展的转换环境.东昆仑地区至少在早志留世（440 Ma）开始进入同碰撞阶段，经历一个快速大陆碰撞期（440～427 Ma），并在427～425 Ma之间由于板片断离而由碰撞阶段向后碰撞伸展阶段转换.

地表泥炭土是天然保温材料，对多年冻土保护具有重要意义.自然状态下，泥炭土通常含有粗团粒，且级配具有空间变异性.然而，级配对其导热特性的影响鲜有报道.采用非稳态探针法，对泥炭土开展了66组导热系数试验，以探究粗粒含量C_c、粒径比R和含水率w等因素对导热特性的影响.研究表明：在同一相对密度下，泥炭土的导热系数K随C_c的增加先增大后减小，在C_c=50%时取到最大值；粗粒主导时，随R的增大而增大，细粒主导时，R变化对其影响不显著.在相同孔隙比下，由于颗粒间接触热阻和配位数随C_c和R的变化，导热系数随着C_c的增加而增大；细粒主导时随R的增大而增大；粗粒主导时，则随R增大而降低.此外，泥炭土的导热系数随w增加而显著增大，其增长率随试样中团粒内部和团粒间孔隙中的水分分布而变化.

钨矿与高分异花岗岩有密切的成因联系.全球大型/超大型钨锡矿床相关花岗岩的放射性产热率大多为5～10μW·m^-3，属于高产热花岗岩；其放射性产热率主要来源于U，一般达到70%，其次是Th（20%）与K（<10%），然而目前并不清楚含钨花岗岩放射性产热元素分布规律及其富集原因.选择福建行洛坑超大型钨矿床开展典型实例研究，通过对行洛坑花岗岩单矿物（黑云母、斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石等）的成分分析，结合已发表的全岩主、微量数据，利用质量守恒原理分别约束U、Th、K的主要赋存矿物.行洛坑两期花岗岩（G1与G2）的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为：151.5±0.6 Ma和150.0±0.6 Ma，根据单矿物计算的G1与G2总产热率分别为1.78μW·m^-3、2.28μW·m^-3.其中，K主要赋存于钾长石和黑云母等矿物，这两种矿物的K对全岩的热贡献率不到10%;Th主要来自于独居石，独居石中Th热贡献率最高达到了46%;U主要来自锆石和独居石，热贡献率均低于15%.G1与G2单矿物计算的产热率只达到全岩平均产热率(分别为3.74μW·m^-3和6.10μW·m^-3)的48%和37%，这种显著差异可能是由于行洛坑花岗岩中大量U存在于少量高U锆石，这种高U锆石统计样本较少，从而导致单矿物求得的产热率偏低.行洛坑花岗岩中U、Th的富集可能由源区和结晶分异作用共同控制的；行洛坑花岗岩放射性元素的衰变热（尤其是晚期岩体）可能延长了行洛坑热液对流时限并促进白钨矿的形成.

为研究岩体结构面各向异性对粗糙度评价的影响，以藏东南某铁路察达工点高陡斜坡为研究对象，运用无人机综合摄影测量技术，提取研究区结构面高密度点云并剪裁结构面轮廓线，采用修正直边法与盒维数法求算粗糙度系数JRC与分形维数D，拟合JRC与D的新公式并利用数字化Barton标准线验证.选取压剪性和拉张性结构面各15个，运用新公式计算各采样方向的JRC.结果表明：压剪性结构面粗糙度各向异性规律显著，整体上JRC由剪切滑动方向至垂直剪切滑动方向递增，呈椭圆状分布；拉张性结构面粗糙度存在各向异性但无明显规律，JRC随采样角度变化波动较大，呈刺状分布.证明不同力学成因的结构面JRC各向异性存在差异，在评价粗糙度时应遵循不同采样规则.