To explore the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in gametophyte development and sporophyte production of Ceratopteris thalictroides， and to lay a foundation for conservation and breeding of endangered ferns.C. thalictroides was used as material， and five treatment group of 0（the control）， 0.5， 1.0， 2.5， 5.0 mg·L^-1 was set，and the effects of different mass concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on gametophyte development and sporophyte formation of C. thalictroides were observed by light microscope. The results showed that compared with the control group， 0.5-2.5 mg·L^-1 multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment could advance spore germination by about 15 d， among them， 0.5 mg·L^-1 multi-walled carbon nanotubes had the best effect on spore germination， 0.5-1.5 mg·L^-1 multi-walled carbon nanotubes had the best effect on protonema and plate formation， and 2.5 mg·L^-1 multi-walled carbon nanotubes had the best effect on prothallus and sporophyte formation. High mass concentration （5.0 mg·L^-1） of multi-walled carbon nanotubes led to deformity of some gametophytes， and spermogonium degradation， chlorosis of chloroplasts in cells， and chlorosis of chloroplasts in some cells on the developing sporophytes cells. In addition， male gametophytes was promoted by the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube. In conclusion，0.5-2.5 mg·L^-1 multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment might significantly promote gametophyte development and sporophyte production of C. thalictroides， and the number of spermogonium increased significantly， and both monoecious and dioecious gametophytes appeared simultaneously， high mass concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment might result in‘high concentration inhibition’ of gametophyte development of C. thalictroides. In the process of practical application， the corresponding addition amount should be selected based on the specific need.

Mixed-species plantations can promote soil nutrient cycling， productivity， and ecosystem functions. Mycorrhizal associations play important roles in affecting species coexistence and nutrient cycling in mixed plantations. However， our understanding on the effects of mixed tree species with different mycorrhizal types on soil microbial community associated with soil nutrients of Eucalyptus plantations remains limited. In this study， we conducted metagenomic sequencing to investigate the changes in soil microbial community structure and functions， co-occurrence networks between bacteria and fungi， and their relationships with soil nutrients for one monospecific Eucalyptus plantation and three mixed Eucalyptus plantations with different mycorrhizal tree species， including Dalbergia odorifera（arbuscular mycorrhizal and N₂-fixing， AM-NF）， Michelia macclurei（arbuscular mycorrhizal， AM）， and Quercus acutissima（ectomycorrhizal， ECM）. The results indicated that the mixed stands significantly increased the richness of soil microbial community， enhanced the abundance of genes related to soil nutrient cycling， and increased the complexity of microbial co-occurrence networks. The mixed plantations of Eucalyptus with D. odorifera had the highest soil microbial richness， relative abundance of bacterial community associated with aerobic chemoheterotrophy and fermentation， and the modularity of fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network； meanwhile， either the bacterial or fungal communities were significantly different from the other three plantations. The mixed Eucalyptus plantations with M. macclurei or Q. acutissima species had the highest abundance of microbial functional genes such as hydrocarbon degradation， nitrogen fixation， and methanotrophy. In addition， the microbial co-occurrence networks in the mixed Eucalyptus plantations with Q. acutissima have the highest number of edges， average degree， and network stability. The richness of key microbes in co-occurrence networks was closely correlated with soil $NO^{-}_{3}$ level. However， the richness of microbial community of the networks in the mixed Eucalyptus plantations with D. odorifera and M. macclurei was largely associated with soil $NO^{+}_{4}$ level.

Populus simonii×P. nigra is a fast-growing and cold-tolerant tree species with elite wood properties in northeast China. In order to produce a new forest germplasm with more widely planting and improved drought tolerance， this study successfully generated transgenic P. simonii×P. nigra using PsnNAC007， a key drought response transcription factor gene. Growth characteristics， drought tolerant ability， net photosynthetic rate（P_n）， transpiration rate（T_r）， stomatal conductance（G_s）， water conductance， cell morphology and wood components of overexpressed PsnNAC007 transgenic plants were analyzed respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth between transgenic and wild-type plants， but drought survival rate was increased by 26.15%. Under drought condition， transgenic plants exhibited reduced Cleaf and T_r， improved water use efficiency， and lower water conductance loss. Anatomical analysis showed that the overexpression of PsnNAC007 led to more and smaller stem xylem vessels， which were conducive to the continuous and efficient water transport in plants under drought conditions. Based on wood components analysis， lignin deposition in stems of transgenic plants was increased significantly， and monosaccharides that constituted cellulose and hemicellulose showed no significant change.

Rubber tree（Hevea brasiliensis） is one of the important tropical cash crops， and natural rubber（NR）， a secondary metabolite， is an important industrial raw material and strategic material in China. Phytohormones play important roles in regulating plant growth， development， germination， and environmental responses. Here， the research progress on application of four phytohormones， Ethylene， Abscisic acid， Brassinolides， and Gibberellin in the growth and development of rubber trees， NR biosynthesis， rubber yield， latex flow， and quality formation， was summarized in detail， and the application prospect of four phytohormones in mechanism research of improving rubber production and latex flow was looked forward to provide theoretical support for the rubber industry development.

This study evaluated the antioxidant， antimicrobial， UV radiation resistance properties， and secondary metabolite content of fermented extracts from 20 endophytic fungi of diverse plant origins to assess their potential in cosmetic applications. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging rates of fermentation broths and mycelial extracts were measured using microplate reader colorimetry， while ferric ion reduction capacity was determined via FRAP assay. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the Oxford cup method. The results indicated strong antioxidant activity in fermentation broths of strains XY1， YZ6， ZJ29， XG4-2， and ZBS49. ZJ29 exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging rate （93.62%）， while XY1 showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging rate （90.47%）. ZJ29 fermentation broth also demonstrated an ABTS radical scavenging rate >50% and the highest FRAP value （2 974.55 μmol·L^-¹）. Tyrosinase inhibition by ZJ29 and ZL18-1 mycelial extracts reached 60.62% and 98.10%， respectively， with ZJ29 fermentation broth showing the strongest inhibition（69.78%）. ZJ29 fermentation broth exhibited the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The UVA and UVB absorbance of YZ6 and ZJ29 was higher than 2.8， and the UVA absorbance of YZ6 and ZJ29 was higher than 2.0 and 1.5， respectively. YZ6 mycelial extract also showed strong resistance to UVB and UVA， with absorbance of 1.5-2.5. YH3 and XY1 mycelial extracts contained the higher polyphenol （18.47 and 15.36 mg·g^-¹） and flavonoid （4.35 and 7.15 mg·g^-¹） content， respectively. ZL23 and ZJ29 had the higher triterpene content （16.79 and 11.20 mg·g^-¹， respectively）. In conclusion， ZJ29 mycelial extracts had superior antimicrobial， UV radiation resistance， and antioxidant activities， followed by YZ6 and XY1， highlighting their significant potential for daily chemical products.

Germin-like proteins （GLPs） are a class of highly conserved stress-responsive proteins that can specifically respond to symbiotic interactions. This study， based on the whole-genome information of maize B73， used bioinformatics approaches to identify and analyze the characteristics of the ZmGLP gene family. The expression patterns of ZmGLP genes during arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） symbiosis were examined by using transcriptome data. This study identified a total of 45 ZmGLP genes， which were distributed across nine chromosomes， with 25 of the genes being tandem duplications. By analysis of a phylogenetic tree， ZmGLP genes were classified into five distinct subfamilies. Notably， there were significant differences in tissue expression patterns among different ZmGLP genes. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that ZmGLP promoters contained elements responsive to light， stress， and growth and development. Interestingly， the promoter of ZmGLP4-8 contained the mycorrhiza-responsive element MYCS， and 20 ZmGLP promoters contained the potential mycorrhiza-responsive element GCCGGC. Analysis of transcriptome data from maize roots at different days after inoculation with AMF revealed that the expression of 12 ZmGLP genes was significantly changed following inoculation with AMF. Among them， ZmGLP3-3， ZmGLP4-8， ZmGLP4-16， ZmGLP4-20， ZmGLP5-1， and ZmGLP6-1 were significantly upregulated in expression during the late stage of symbiosis. These genes were located in different evolutionary branches compared to the reported symbiosis-related GLP genes， suggesting that these genes may be involved in functions related to the late stage of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Functional studies of ZmGLP3-3 showed that， compared to wild-type maize plants， the mycorrhizal symbiosis rate of the mutant zmglp3-3 was significantly reduced. In summary， this study provided a comprehensive theoretical basis for the exploration of symbiosis-related ZmGLP genes in maize， offering insights into their potential roles and functions in plant-fungal interactions.

<正>《植物研究》于1959年创刊,是东北林业大学主办的植物学综合性学术期刊,以刊载植物分类的新物种、新现象、新规律为办刊特色;以报道植物生理学、植物化学、植物多样性、植物生态学等基础研究成果为主体。现为中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊。

高等植物在高于最适温度且低于逆境高温的温和高温范围内，发生的一系列形态变化统称为热形态建成。在这些形态变化中，以高温诱导的下胚轴伸长受到的关注最多，研究也最为深入。SMALL AUXIN UP RNA(SAUR)基因家族在促进生长和细胞伸长过程中发挥着重要作用。然而，对于高温调控SAURs的分子机制还知之甚少。该研究以拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）Col-0野生型、pif4-2突变体和4种转基因植物为材料，采用实时荧光定量PCR、染色质免疫共沉淀、双荧光素酶报告基因检测和表型分析的方法探索了热形态建成中高温调控SAUR1～SAUR4的分子机制。结果表明：高温促进SAUR1～SAUR4转录，并且这一促进作用需要转录因子PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4(PIF4)；转录因子PIF4结合SAUR1～SAUR4启动子区中含有E-box的区域，并且温和高温会提高这些结合的强度；在热形态建成信号转导通路中SAUR1处于PIF4的下游；PIP4对SAUR1～SAUR4的调控需要生长素信号转导通路的参与。以上结果表明，高温通过影响PIF4与SAUR1～SAUR4启动子染色质的结合强度来调控这4个基因的转录。该研究有助于理解热形态建成中高温调控下胚轴伸长的下游分子机制，从而丰富抗热育种理论。

利用石蜡切片技术对多花黄精（Polygonatum cyrtonema）不同发育时期的花芽切片，探究多花黄精大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育特征，为多花黄精遗传育种提供基础资料。结果显示（：1）多花黄精花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层各1层细胞构成，绒毡层为分泌型，成熟药室内壁具纤维性加厚，成熟绒毡层细胞含二核或多核结构；（2）小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中胞质经连续型分裂形成左右对称的四分体，成熟花粉粒多为二细胞型，偶见三细胞型（；3）多花黄精大孢子母细胞经减数分裂后形成直线排列的四分体，胚囊发育类型为蓼型。多花黄精生殖细胞的发育特征与黄精属其他植物具有相似性，分泌型的绒毡层和三细胞型花粉粒的存在说明多花黄精具有更为进化的发育特征。

该研究旨在通过建立马尾松（Pinus massoniana）原生质体的分离和制备系统，实现基因的瞬时转化，从而推动马尾松基因功能研究和遗传转化体系的发展。研究选取了马尾松不同发育时期的外植体材料，包括针叶、下胚轴和愈伤组织，探讨了不同酶解条件对原生质体分离效率的影响，并通过试验优化了马尾松原生质体的制备流程，涉及不同类型的组织、不同的渗透压和酶解时间。研究结果表明：在0.5 mol·L^-1甘露醇渗透液中，使用马尾松针叶组织进行6 h酶解处理是提取原生质体的最佳条件。基于此，该研究构建了一个适合马尾松的瞬时转化体系，并通过对比不同转化条件，实现了外源基因在马尾松原生质体中的瞬时表达。研究还发现，经过优化的原生质体制备体系能够显著提升原生质体的质量和转化效率，在使用聚乙二醇（PEG）介导的转化方法时，转化效率高达47.83%。综上，该研究成功构建了马尾松原生质体高效分离体系，为针叶树种基因功能解析提供了可靠的瞬时表达系统。

东北槭（Acer mandshuricum）为东北地区极具观赏价值的彩叶树种，但繁殖困难，该研究旨在提高东北槭嫩枝扦插生根率，厘清平茬处理与东北槭嫩枝扦插生根的关系。2023年，以未平茬东北槭当年嫩枝（Pc-CK）为对照，观测Pc-2(2022年平茬)和Pc-1(2023年平茬)当年嫩枝横截面解剖结构、生长指标、叶片生理生化指标及嫩枝插穗生根指标。结果表明：Pc-1嫩枝插穗生根率、平均根长、平均生根数量和根系效果指数均大于Pc-2(P<0.05)和Pc-CK(P<0.05)；嫩枝茎横截面表皮及皮层厚角组织厚度、木质部厚度由小到大依次为Pc-1、Pc-2、Pc-CK(P<0.05)。Pc-1嫩枝枝长、基径、叶面积、叶鲜质量及含水量均显著大于Pc-CK(P<0.05)。Pc-1叶片净光合速率和气孔导度分别比Pc-CK提高90%和89%(P<0.05)。同时，Pc-1叶片的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著大于Pc-CK(P<0.05)，而Pc-CK叶片的丙二醛（MDA）、总黄酮、总酚含量显著大于Pc-1(P<0.05)。综上，平茬处理使东北槭嫩枝复幼，从而促进扦插生根，且Pc-1的幼化生根效果较好，为嫩枝扦插繁殖提供了支撑。

以热带胎生睡莲‘鲁比’（Nymphaea ‘Ruby’）和‘蓝鸟’（N.‘Blue Bird’）的胎生与非胎生叶片为材料，非胎生睡莲‘蓝星’（N.‘Colorata’）叶片为对照（CK），测定并比较3个品种的叶片形态特征参数，并采用石蜡切片技术观察卷叶期和展叶后的叶片解剖结构，旨在探讨热带睡莲叶片形态特征与胎芽发育的关系。结果表明：3个品种均具有典型的热带睡莲特征‘，鲁比’和‘蓝鸟’的胎生叶片除叶脐形成胎芽以外，叶长、叶宽和叶面积略低于非胎生叶片，但差异均不显著（P>0.05），而叶片解剖结构特征参数随着叶片的发育发生了改变。胎生睡莲展叶后叶片上、下表皮以及海绵组织厚度较卷叶期变薄，均高于非胎生叶片，而栅栏组织厚度、栅海比较卷叶期增加，且低于非胎生叶片，说明胎芽的发育导致栅栏组织结构紧密度降低，而海绵组织结构疏松度增加，但与叶片整体厚度无关；非胎生品种‘蓝星’叶片栅海比和细胞结构紧密度均显著高于胎生品种的叶片。各指标的可塑性变异较高，且存在一定的相关关系，具有明显的协同进化趋势。主成分分析显示，上下表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅海比、叶片组织结构紧密度和疏松度均可视为反映睡莲胎生叶片解剖结构特征的主要指标。因此，胎生叶片通过改变叶肉组织结构的方式来响应胎萌的发生。

乌兰布和沙漠东北段的防护林是保护东部河套平原农业生产的重要生态屏障，由于对人工造林研究缺乏重视，许多防护林体系中的林分有一定的衰退趋势。研究乡土树种人工栽培后的生态适应性，是指导人工防护林建设和可持续经营的重要举措。为了深入探究乌兰布和沙漠乡土树种人工栽培后的生态适应性，本文以3种乡土树种沙冬青（Ammopiptathus mongolicus）、霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylon）和蒙古扁桃（Prunus mongolica）为研究对象，通过测定功能性叶片表皮形态、解剖结构、生理指标，结合当地气象数据，阐释3种植物对沙漠环境的适应机制。结果表明：3种植物分别以不同方式适应沙漠环境。沙冬青通过增大叶面积来增加受光面积、提高光合效率，利用密集的表皮毛和发达的角质层强化叶片机械防御能力，降低强光灼伤及水分蒸腾，维持细胞水分平衡，从而降低细胞膜脂过氧化。蒙古扁桃叶片簇生，通过增加叶片数量增加受光面积、提高光合效率，通过卷曲叶片躲避强光灼伤，通过特化气孔位置（将气孔全部分布于叶片下表面），利用发达的维管束、丰富的黏液细胞和晶体结构来降低水分蒸腾，维持细胞水分平衡，从而降低细胞膜脂过氧化。霸王叶片呈圆柱状条形结构，通过降低风阻，降低叶片遭受风沙流危害的概率，通过生理代谢调节提高叶片抗氧化物酶活性和渗透调节物质含量，维持细胞水分和活性氧代谢平衡。这些发现揭示了3种植物在应对荒漠环境时所采取的不同的适应策略，为乌兰布和沙漠东北部乡土树种的引种驯化提供了新思路。

为探究生长发育过程中板栗（Castanea mollissima）雌花解剖学特征及其细胞壁成分变化规律，以‘燕山红栗’（‘Yanshan Hongli’）为试验对象，通过石蜡切片观察内部形态变化并通过荧光染色观察细胞壁成分变化。依据内部显微结构变化确定所采集的雌花样品集中在4个最重要的发育阶段，即花朵原基分化期、柱头原基分化期、柱头伸长期和开花期。荧光染色结果表明，在发育时期推移过程中，雌花细胞壁中纤维素荧光强度逐渐增强。特别是在花柱伸长过程中，柱头部位与子房部位的纤维素荧光显著增强。此外，在所观察的发育阶段，酯化果胶荧光强度始终高于酸性果胶，并且柱头部位与子房周围的荧光强度也较其他部位更强。这些结果揭示了生长发育过程中板栗雌花细胞壁成分变化规律，为深入探究板栗生长发育机制提供了重要线索。

红松（Pinus koraiensis）是东北地区重要的果材兼用树种，但由于生长周期长，遗传改良进展缓慢，为评价和筛选优质红松种质资源，以吉林省永吉县西阳林木种子园内36个20年生红松半同胞家系为材料，对其生长性状和木材性状进行测定。方差分析结果表明，各性状在家系间差异均达显著水平（P<0.01），各性状表型变异系数为5.89%～45.21%；除通直度（0.46）外，其他性状的家系遗传力均超过0.5，属于高遗传力。相关分析结果表明，树高、胸径等生长性状间均达极显著正相关水平（r>0.663），木材性状间半纤维素、纤维素和综纤维素含量间达显著相关水平，而生长性状与木材性状间仅纤维素含量、综纤维素含量与部分生长性状呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明，14个性状构成5个主成分，累计贡献率为79.24%。利用综合评价法对36个半同胞家系进行评价，以10%的入选率，依据生长性状，初步筛选3个优良家系（家系PK61、PK29和PK22），各生长性状遗传增益为6.41%～33.91%；依据木材性状，初步筛选3个优良家系（家系PK16、PK78和PK10），各木材性状遗传增益为1.08%～6.72%；结合生长和木材性状初步筛选出3个优良家系（家系PK61、PK29和PK44），各指标遗传增益为0.27%～37.28%。该研究选出的优良家系可为红松良种选用提供基础。

核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）是光合作用中决定碳同化速率的关键酶，其中小亚基（rbcS）是由核基因编码，并且主要在叶片中表达。利用RT-qPCR技术确定了小黑杨（Populus×xiaohei）叶片中高表达的Rubisco小亚基基因PxrbcS1和PxrbcS2基因，并克隆了其上游2 240、2 174 bp的启动子。对其进行启动子元件分析结果表明，PxrbcS1和PxrbcS2的启动子具有多个与光诱导表达相关的元件，例如G-box、MRE和Box4等元件。构建pBI-121-p PxrbcS1::GUS和pBI-121-p PxrbcS2::GUS植物表达载体并遗传转化84K杨（P. alba×P. glandulosa）。GUS组织化学染色以及qPCR表达分析表明PxrbcS1和PxrbcS2的启动子能够驱动GUS基因在84K杨叶片特异性高表达。总之，上述结果表明该研究成功地从小黑杨中克隆了具有叶片高表达活性的PxrbcS1和PxrbcS2的启动子，该启动子可应用到包括杨树在内的植物光合作用相关的基因功能研究以及提高植物光合作用的遗传操作中。

为了探究刺五加（Acanthopanax senticosus）种子的休眠类型以及种子萌发过程中生理和代谢特征，以东北地区刺五加种子为研究对象，分别在不同温度条件（20℃，4℃，20℃/4℃）下对种子进行140 d沙藏层积处理。通过观察胚的表型变化，筛选出5个典型时期。研究5个典型时期种子中的内源激素、主要营养物质及其水解酶、抗氧化系统和代谢组学的动态变化规律。结果表明（：1）刺五加种子吸水性能良好，20℃恒温条件只能促进胚的伸长，不能萌发。4℃恒温条件下胚率无增长。只有0～110 d保持20℃恒温，110～140 d保持4℃恒温，胚率增长且种子能够萌发。（2）随着胚率增长，赤霉素含量上升，脱落酸含量下降，吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸和萘乙酸含量均下降；脂肪含量下降，可溶性糖含量上升。脂肪含量与脂肪水解酶活性呈显著负相关，与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关。（3）共筛选出92个差异代谢物，碳代谢、能量代谢和抗氧化代谢是主要的差异代谢通路。此外，倍半萜和三萜生物合成、脂肪酸生物合成、甘油脂类代谢等也存在差异。总之，刺五加种子属于形态生理性休眠，变温层积是打破种子休眠的必要条件，内源激素能够调控种子的休眠与萌发。脂肪等大分子营养物质被水解酶分解，为种子萌发提供物质和能量，这也是种子萌发的必要条件之一。该研究可为鉴定刺五加种子休眠类型以及人工繁殖提供理论依据。

为了揭示硒（Se）对膜荚黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus）镉（Cd）胁迫的缓解机制，以传统药用植物膜荚黄芪为材料，利用水培技术综合研究了离子拮抗作用、抗氧化酶系统、重金属螯合物以及异黄酮在Se缓解Cd胁迫中的作用。结果表明：10μmol·L^-1 Se显著改善了50μmol·L^-1 Cd胁迫下膜荚黄芪幼苗生长状况并减轻了植株的活性氧积累水平以及膜脂过氧化水平。Cd处理下Se添加显著降低了膜荚黄芪各部位Cd含量，同时Cd添加也显著降低了各部位Se含量，说明膜荚黄芪在Se与Cd的吸收上具有明显的拮抗作用。抗氧化酶活性测定结果显示，Se添加降低了Cd胁迫下膜荚黄芪各部位过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性，通过相关性分析发现多种抗氧化酶活性与■含量具有显著正相关关系，暗示抗氧化酶活性的变化更多的是与植物体内活性氧水平相适应的结果。此外，Se添加也降低了Cd处理下膜荚黄芪各部位非蛋白巯基和金属硫蛋白含量，且两者在各部位的含量与对应Cd含量呈现出良好的正相关，表明重金属螯合物含量是由各部位Cd含量所调节的。与抗氧化酶和金属硫蛋白不同，Se添加显著提高了Cd胁迫下膜荚黄芪幼苗根系中3种异黄酮成分的含量。进一步对异黄酮合成途径关键酶基因CHS、IFS、I3'H、IOMT和UCGT表达水平进行研究，发现Se明显上调了Cd处理下所有酶基因的表达水平。综上，Se通过吸收过程中与Cd的拮抗作用降低了Cd处理下膜荚黄芪幼苗中的Cd含量，降低了植物受胁迫程度，同时通过上调异黄酮等次生代谢物质合成，提高了植物对Cd胁迫的耐性。

新麦草（Psathyrostachys juncea）被认为是赖草属植物的一个重要祖先物种。对新麦草中高度重复序列Cot-1 DNA文库克隆测序分析鉴定，结果表明新麦草Cot-1 DNA文库中的序列可以分为6种类型：反转座子、转座子、卫星DNA、抗病相关LZ-NBS-LRR、未能鉴定类型、反转座子LTR和LTR/Copia类型序列组合型，占比分别为49.5%、1.0%、28.7%、5.9%、13.9%和1.0%。进一步利用2种卫星DNA序列和5个反转座子序列为探针，对新麦草、赖草（Leymus secalinus）和2个大赖草（L. racemosus）材料进行染色体荧光原位杂交，结果表明卫星DNA序列TaiI-family和pSc250-family杂交信号主要分布在染色体的端部，TaiI-family杂交信号数量分别为20、16、7和18，而卫星DNA序列pSc250-family在新麦草、赖草中的杂交信号数量分别为17和24，在2个大赖草材料均没有信号检出。反转座子序列在3个物种染色体上基本呈散布分布方式，而且在赖草属物种染色体分布呈现同质化倾向，其中克隆序列pPj-44和pPj-28在新麦草和赖草属物种间信号分布差异显著，分别提示在异源多倍化过程中存在序列扩张和收缩，克隆序列pPj-77仅在1个大赖草材料10个染色体杂交信号强度区别于其余染色体。研究结果表明，新麦草重复序列在赖草多倍体形成过程发生了快速进化并可能存在同质化扩散，同时赖草属不同物种基因组间重复序列组成可能存在显著差异。

为建立冬凌草（Isodon rubescens）体细胞胚发生体系，更好地发挥在中医药学中的价值，促进资源稳定和利用，以冬凌草叶片为外植体，脱分化形成胚性愈伤组织，进一步增殖，诱导发育出体细胞胚，结合石蜡切片技术对冬凌草胚性愈伤组织及各阶段体胚进行组织细胞学观察，并探讨激素对植株再生的影响。结果表明：在B5+1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D培养基中，叶片可脱分化形成淡黄色、颗粒状的胚性愈伤组织；在MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D+0.2 mg·L^-1 6-BA培养基中，胚性愈伤组织增殖效果最好，净增殖量最大可达2.81 g；在体胚诱导中，最佳培养基为MS+1.5 mg·L^-1 TDZ+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA，诱导率最高为91.33%；在MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA培养基中，表面含体细胞胚的胚性愈伤组织可分化出小植株；在组织细胞学观察中，胚性愈伤组织呈淡黄色或黄白色颗粒状，细胞核大且明显，其内部观察到外起源和内起源2种体胚发生方式，后期可发育为球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚、子叶形胚或成簇状胚结构，内含淀粉粒。该研究成功建立了冬凌草间接体胚发生体系，为优化冬凌草胚性愈伤组织的“质”与“量”奠定基础，也为其分子育种及体胚技术研究提供了理论依据。

异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶（IPP）催化异戊烯焦磷酸与二甲基丙烯基焦磷酸（DMAPP）的可逆异构化反应，对下游萜类产物的合成发挥重要作用。该研究利用生物信息学方法，从稻（Oryza sativa）与拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）等单、双子叶植物基因组中鉴定获得31条IPP基因。系统进化树将IPP分为3簇，其中单子叶植物单独形成一簇，同簇的IPP成员具有相似的结构域，可能执行相似的生物学功能；以稻与拟南芥IPP基因为代表，顺式调控元件分析显示它们含有干旱等响应元件；定量PCR结果显示，稻与拟南芥IPP转录水平的表达模式较为多样化。研究结果为系统认识IPP基因的生物学作用及可能的应用研究提供了理论依据。

探究林分结构、立地条件、保护强度与植物多样性之间存在的耦合关系，有助于提升保护区植物多样性保护效果。基于此，该研究选择大兴安岭绰纳河国家级自然保护区森林群落作为研究对象，调查乔木层、灌木层、草本层植物多样性和林分结构特征，并采集土壤样品测定土壤理化性质。利用频率分布、冗余排序与方差分解分析等方法，揭示该区域植物多样性特征及其与影响因素间的耦合关系。结果表明：（1）绰纳河保护区乔木层主要树种为落叶松（Larix gmelinii），相对多度为64.35%，其次为白桦（Betula platyphylla）；灌木以越橘（Vaccinium vitis-idaea）占比最高，达到72.70%；草本共记录77种，其中羊须草（Carex callitrichos）占比最大（23.72%）。（2）乔、灌、草丰富度与多样性指数由大到小排序依次为草本层、乔木层、灌木层，均匀度指数以灌木层最高。（3）方差分解分析和冗余分析结果表明，林分结构的独立效应对植物多样性变化解释量最大；草本层盖度、灌木密度、乔木树高和土壤容重与植物多样性变化关系最为紧密。通过调整林分结构来提升植物多样性是简单而又可靠的途径，上述结果为大兴安岭地区林分管理提供了数据支撑。

以细鳞河国家级自然保护区云冷杉红松（Picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis-Pinus koraiensis）林固定监测样地为对象，采用α多样性指数、生态位测定、方差比率法（VR）、χ2检验、Spearman秩相关检验和M. Godron稳定性分析云冷杉红松林树种多样性、优势树种生态位、种间联结及群落稳定性。结果表明（：1）样地共有乔木树种14科14属20种，林木分布均匀，α多样性指数较高；（2）样地生态位重叠指数较高，但生态位重叠指数较大（>0.7）或较小（<0.4）的情况较少，生态位分化程度一般（；3）样地总体关联性呈不显著正关联，主要树种种间以正相关和不显著相关为主，种间独立性较强（；4）样地M. Godron稳定性计算结果落于点（32.79,67.21），远离稳定点（20,80），群落稳定性较差（；5）红松重要值与生态位宽度最大，与其他树种的生态位重叠指数均值高于样地均值，以大径级个体为主，树种相对频度较低。因此，在云冷杉红松林生态系统恢复过程中，应进行适当的人工干预，促进红松种群数量恢复，调节种间关系，提高种间联结强度，在群落稳定性下降时加强珍稀植物种群监测及保护。

为了补充和完善我国西南地区山顶苔藓矮林的群落种类组成和结构特征，基于1 hm²动态监测样地的群落调查数据，采用CTFS标准调查样地内胸径（DBH）≥1 cm的所有木本植物；从1 hm²森林动态监测样地中选取10个（总计0.6 hm²，每个样方为20 m×30 m）标准植被样方，采用植物群落清查方法对样方内所有维管植物进行调查和统计；从物种组成特征、数量特征、主要优势树种的径级结构等角度入手，分析样地内的物种组成和群落结构特征。主要结果：（1）在1 hm²动态样地中，DBH≥1 cm的木本植物共计20科32属42种3 614株个体；在0.6 hm²群落样地中，维管植物共计42科72属153种，其中树高≥3 m的乔木共计25种1 502株个体。（2）厚叶杜鹃（Rhododendron sinofalconeri）在群落中占绝对优势，重要值比次优势物种的重要值大3～4倍。（3）整个群落年龄结构呈“L”型，但不同于其他优势种，厚叶杜鹃以成年个体为优势。（4）该群落由乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物组成，命名为厚叶杜鹃-大花云南桤叶树-文山八角山顶苔藓矮林（Rhododendron sinofalconeri-Clethra delavayi var.yuiana-Illicium tsaii summit mossy dwarf forests）。云南文山薄竹山山顶苔藓矮林群落物种丰富、组成稳定、优势显著，群落林冠外貌平整、更新状况良好，处于成熟林状态。

为解决水曲柳（Fraxinus mandshurica）因年龄效应而导致的插穗生根能力在3年生后显著下降的问题，以4年生水曲柳实生苗为研究对象，探究循环扦插复幼对克服年龄效应的作用，尤其是循环次数和截干处理2个关键因素对水曲柳萌蘖、生长和扦插生根的影响，以及循环复幼过程中水曲柳的生理变化。结果表明：循环复幼次数的增加和截干处理都能提高水曲柳的复幼程度，呈现萌生枝数量增加、枝条细化、茎节缩短的特征，同时显著提高扦插再生能力。在循环复幼次数达到3次且叠加截干处理时，与未循环复幼相比萌枝数量提高了6.56倍，生根率提高了7.44倍。循环复幼1～3次，植株生长素吲哚乙酸（IAA）、细胞分裂素（CTK）水平提高，赤霉素（GA3）水平在第3次时才显著提升，而脱落酸（ABA）水平呈逐渐下降趋势；循环复幼后植株中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性降低，丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性糖含量减少。这些生理指标变化都与植株幼化状态相符。可见，循环复幼可有效恢复幼化状态，诱导水曲柳形成较高IAA、GA3和较低ABA水平的萌枝，同时降低了抗氧化酶活性、MDA与可溶性糖含量，有利于实现水曲柳复幼，从而提高扦插生根率，实现水曲柳良种的快速高效无性繁殖。

生物量分配格局和化学计量特征对揭示入侵植物扩张能力及其环境适应性特征具有重要参考价值。该研究以广西南流江河岸区典型入侵植物白花鬼针草（Bidens alba）为研究对象，根据入侵盖度划分微度（盖度≤15%）、轻度（15%<盖度≤30%）、中度（30%<盖度≤45%）、重度（45%<盖度≤60%）和极重度（盖度>60%）5种入侵程度，测定不同入侵程度下白花鬼针草根、茎、叶生物量分配格局、C∶N∶P化学计量特征及生长区土壤理化性质，以揭示白花鬼针草的适应策略及扩张机制。结果表明：（1）不同入侵程度白花鬼针草根生物量分配无显著差异（P>0.05）；重度和极重度入侵下，茎生物量分配显著降低（P<0.05），叶生物量分配显著提高（P<0.05），平均根冠比差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）随着入侵程度加深，白花鬼针草根、茎、叶的N、P含量均显著增加（P<0.05），其中，叶N、P平均质量分数为20.88、3.92 g?kg^-1。（3）根、茎、叶的C∶N和C∶P随入侵程度加深而显著降低（P<0.05）,N∶P变化趋势不明显；叶C∶N、C∶P和N∶P平均值分别为21.06、118.30、5.49。（4）白花鬼针草入侵程度与其根、茎、叶的N、P含量及土壤C、N、P含量显著正相关（P<0.05）。可见，随着入侵程度加深，白花鬼针草通过增加叶生物量、提高叶N和P含量来优化资源分配策略，并通过与土壤相互作用增加土壤C、N、P含量，形成有利于其快速入侵的土壤环境。

植物生长发育受多种植物激素综合调控。其中，油菜素甾醇（Brassinosteroids, BRs）作为重要的固醇类植物激素，与其他植物激素通过互作网络调控种子萌发、根生长发育、光形态建成及果实成熟等生理过程。该文综述了近年来油菜素内酯（Brassinolide,BR）与其他植物激素共同精细调控植物生长发育及胁迫响应的研究进展，为深入开展BR生物学功能研究提供重要参考。

探究滴灌水肥耦合对‘新林1号’杨（Populus cathayana×canadansis‘Xinlin1’）生长和光合生理特性的影响，旨在选出促进‘新林1号’杨生长的最佳水肥耦合措施。以10年生‘新林1号’杨为研究对象，设置-20 k Pa(I₂₀)、-33 k Pa(I₃₃)、-45 k Pa(I₄₅)、未灌溉（I₀）4个灌溉水平和尿素500 g?株^-1（N₁）、尿素1 000 g?株^-1（N₂）、尿素1 500 g?株^-1（N₃）、复合肥500 g?株^-1（F₁）、复合肥1 000 g?株^-1（F₂）、复合肥1 500 g?株^-1（F₃）、对照（CK）7个施肥水平，测定‘新林1号’杨树高、胸径及叶片的光合生理指标。结果表明：（1）灌溉和施肥显著增加了胸径、树高和材积年增量。I₂₀灌溉处理的胸径、树高和单株材积年增量最高，比未灌溉分别提高了18.6%、40.6%、60.6%。F₂施肥处理胸径、树高和单株材积年增量最大，分别达到了2.47 cm、2.09 m、0.097 m³，比未施肥分别提高了8.3%、7.8%、15.3%。其中I₂₀F₂处理‘新林1号’杨生长量最大，显著高于其他处理。（2）灌溉和施肥显著增加了叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量，提高了谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、净光合速率及气孔导度，其中I₂₀F₂处理下可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性和叶面积最高。（3）相关性分析结果表明，‘新林1号’杨胸径、树高和材积年增长量与叶片生理指标和净光合速率呈显著正相关，与胞间CO₂摩尔分数呈负相关。灌溉和施肥显著改变了叶片生理特性，提高了叶片光合能力，促进了‘新林1号’杨的生长。I₂₀F₂处理下，生理指标和净光合速率最高，林木生长达到了最佳水平。因此，保持水分充足（灌溉阈值为-20 k Pa）及施复合肥(1 000 g?株^-1)处理是改善‘新林1号’杨光合生理特征，促进林木生长的最佳水肥耦合措施。

近年来，极端气候频发、雨水分布不均，造成党参（Codonopsis pilosula）关键生育期缺水，导致质量和产量下降。针对这一问题，该研究以党参为对象，从糖酵解（EMP）及三羧酸循环（TCA）角度探究硅对干旱胁迫下党参多糖合成的调控效应。设置正常水分（CK）、15%PEG-6000干旱（D）及施加硅后再15%PEG-6000干旱（Si+D）3个处理组，Si+D组在干旱处理前第7天每盆施用200 mL 2 mmol?L-1硅酸钾溶液，干旱处理至7、14、21 d时取样，测定EMP及TCA相关代谢物含量、酶活性和基因相对表达量，同时测定党参多糖及其生物合成相关物质含量，综合分析硅对干旱胁迫下党参多糖合成的调控。结果表明（：1）干旱胁迫导致党参光合色素含量降低，加速蔗糖、果糖及葡萄糖等物质消耗，促进EMP和TCA途径中的能量消耗用于淀粉、多糖等物质的合成及积累，存在产量和质量消长的现象。（2）硅的施用提高了党参叶片相对含水量、光合色素含量、蔗糖及果糖含量，降低了淀粉合成相关酶活性、增强了淀粉分解相关酶活性，导致淀粉、多糖含量下降，但党参整体产量提高；硅促进干旱胁迫下党参EMP途径，阻止TCA过程，使得EMP终产物丙酮酸合成柠檬酸并积累。硅的施加通过影响党参光合作用、调控EMP及TCA途径能量生成及分配，增强党参抵御干旱的能力，整体上对党参多糖的合成及质量、产量起到了正向的调控作用。但随着干旱胁迫时间的延长，调控效应有逐渐减弱的趋势。

Dipteris shenzhenensis is a critically endangered（CR） plant distributed only in Shenzhen. The phyto-community analysis of this dominant community was studied and analyzed， and the results showed that： there were 85 species， 73 genera and 49 families of vascular plants in Dipteris shenzhenensis community， the dominant species included Gordonia axillaris， Ilex memecylifolia， Cyclobalanopsis neglecta， Enkianthus quinqueflorus， Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia， Dipteris shenzhenensis， Dicranopteris pedata；Plant individuals in this community decreased with the increase of tree height， showing an “Inverted J” type distribution， which was an obvious characteristic in subtropical areas. The diversity and evenness index of all life forms showed a trend of “high in the middle and low in the two ends”； The T test of the species diversity index of different communities in the same area proved that there was no significant difference in diversity level between different communities， which belonged to the stable stage of ecological succession； Niche analysis revealed the survival status of Dipteris shenzhenensis in the community， indicating that this species was not widespread， demanding for environment and poor competitiveness in resources， and there was a risk of extinction during community succession； Interspecific association analysis revealed the interspecific relationship between this species and other dominant herbs， and identified possible complementary and competitive plants.

A variety of Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz.（Rosaceae）， Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz. var. glandulosus L.T.Lu， was described as new from southern Sichuan， China. The diagnostic differences between this new variety and Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz. var. chrysobotrys and the key to varieties of Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz. were given， and photos of vouchers were provided.

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen addition on the growth and non-structural carbohydrate（NSC） content of Cinnamomum bodinieri seedlings in rare earth mine tailings， one-year-old C.bodinieri cuttings were used as materials， and calcium ammonium nitrate was used as nitrogen fertilizer（containing N 15%）， and three nitrogen levels（CK（0）， N1（1.8 g per plant）， N2（3.6 g per plant）） were set up to analyze the differences in root growth， biomass distribution and NSC of C.bodinieri seedlings under three nitrogen addition levels， and to explore the response of C.bodinieri in rare earth tailings to nitrogen addition. The results showed that： Nitrogen addition increased the biomass accumulation of different tissues of C.bodinieri seedlings in rare earth tailings， and the leaf biomass and canopy biomass at N1 level were significantly increased by 44.75% and 57.43%（P<0.05）， respectively， compared with N2. Compared with CK and N1 treatment， the leaf mass ratio of N2 level was significantly increased by 123.53% and 15.85%（P<0.05）， respectively. Nitrogen addition significantly promoted the root length and root surface area of both coarse roots（diameter>2mm） and fine roots（diameter≤2mm）（P<0.05）， and the promotion effect of N1 treatment was the most significant（P<0.05）. The specific root length and specific surface area under N2 treatment were higher than those of CK and N1， and significantly different from CK（P<0.05）. For NSC， N1 treatment increased the soluble sugar mass fraction in leaves and stems， while the NSC mass fraction of fine roots under N2 treatment was significantly lower than that of CK and N1 by 46.49% and 28.61%， respectively. In summary， during vegetation restoration in rare earth mine tailings， 1.8 g per plant calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer might be suitable for fertilization management of C.bodinieri seedlings.

To provide reference for early selection of fast-growing and adaptable varieties， the difference in growth， photosynthetic physiology， and root tip ion flux were analyzed among in five poplar varieties. The annual seedlings of Populus × euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’， P. × euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’， P. × euramericana ‘Xixiong 1’， P. × euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7 ’， and P. deltoides × P. suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’ were selected as materials. Growth indexes including plant height and ground diameter were measured at 0 and 30 days under normal culture conditions， respectively. Leaf number， single leaf area， leaf length， leaf width， photosynthetic parameters including P_n， C_i， G_s， T_r， SPAD and K⁺， Ca²⁺， H⁺ ion flux of roots were measured at 10， 20 and 30 days， respectively. Under 30 days normal management， There were significant differences in plant height growth among the five varieties， from high to low， it was ‘Zhongxiong 4’， ‘Xixiong 1’， ‘Bofeng 3’， ‘Zhongxiong 7’ and ‘Bofeng 1’. Among them， the photosynthetic characteristics and transpiration rate of ‘Bofeng 1’ were the largest， and those of ‘Zhongxiong 4’ were the smallest. However， the single leaf area（（57.49±2.37） cm²）， total leaf area（（1 721.10±28.59） cm²）， net photosynthetic rate （（17 863.10± 910.21） μmol·m^-2·s^-1） and water utilization rate（（3.15±0.06）μmol·mmol^-1） of ‘Zhongxiong 4’ were significantly decreased. were the largest. The efflux velocity of K⁺ was the slowest（（62.68±0.45） pmol·cm^-2·g^-1）， and the influx velocity of Ca²⁺ was the fastest（（-74.24±1.29） pmol·cm^-2·g^-1）. The net photosynthetic rate （（8 539.70±164.64） μmol·m^-2·s^-1） and water utilization rate（（2.64±0.07） μmol·mmol^-1） of ‘Bofeng 1’ were the lowest， and the outflow velocity of K⁺ was（130.81±1.71） pmol·cm^-2·g^-1. The Ca²⁺ influx velocity（（-34.43±0.84） pmol·cm^-2·g^-1） was the slowest. In summary， among the five varieties， ‘Zhongxiong 4’ might have potential strong environmental adaptability， with the highest total leaf area， P_nand WUE， the lowest T_r， the smallest K⁺ efflux， largest Ca²⁺ influx of and most active H⁺ of root tip， and best plant height growth performance， which might be suitable for planting a wider range.

Protected plants usually have high utilization value or a small population size， and are the plant groups facing the highest survival threat， and are also one of the focus objects of biodiversity conservation. Based on the systematic survey of key protected wild plants in Wenshan Prefecture， the abundance and geographic distribution of them were analyzed， and the weights were determined by using four indicators， including endangerment coefficient， genetic value coefficient， protection coefficient， and utilization value coefficient， and then the integrated value of priority protection for these plants were calculated， and the different levels of priority protection to species were classified. The results showed that the387 species of wild plants were identified under priority protection in Wenshan Prefecture， including 36 species under national-level priority protection， 259 species at the second level， 24 species under priority protection at the second level in Yunnan Province， and 78 species at the third level， respectively. Orchidaceae family accounted for 38%（112 species） of the wild plants under national-level priority protection， was an important protected taxon in Wenshan Prefecture. From the horizontal distribution level， Malipo， Maguan and Xichou Counties in the south had high species richness with 228， 224， and 200 species， respectively. On the other hand， Guangnan， Qubei and Yanshan Counties in the north-central part had lower species richness with 87， 68 and 52 species， respectively. In terms of vertical distribution， the elevation range of 1 301 to 1 500 m was the most concentrated area for wild key protected plants. Therefore， biodiversity protection efforts should focus on the southern region and areas with an altitude of 1 301 to 1 500 m. The combined value of priority protection ranged from 0.372 to 0.940， resulting in 39 species classified as Class Ⅰ， 142 species as Class Ⅱ， 123 species as Class Ⅲ， and 83 species as Class Ⅳ. Eight species， including Begonia gulinqingensis， Camellia fascicularis， Horsfieldia tetratepala， Cymbidium qiubeiense， Camellia crassicolumna var. multiplex， Dysosma pleiantha and Cypripedium henryi， were not listed as threatened species in the “China Biodiversity Red List-Higher Plants Volume（2020）”， but were assessed as Class Ⅰ Priority Conservation due to their small number of distribution individuals， and significant human disturbance and high conservation value. These species should be considered urgent targets for rescue and protection.

In order to clarify the phenotypic variation degree and regularity of flower organ traits in distant hybrids of Catalpa bungei， 12 distant hybrid species of C. bungei were used as materials， statistical analysis methods such as variance analysis， correlation analysis， and cluster analysis were used to study their phenological characteristics， inflorescence traits， flower traits， and color traits during flowering. The results showed that there were significant differences in phenological characteristics during the flowering period of the distant hybrid species of C. bungei. The hybrid of C. bungei and C. ovata was pseudo three-branch， with strong differentiation ability of flower buds， and multiple rounds of flowering in the year of grafting， and the flowering period of over 100 days， exhibited maternal traits. The floral organ characteristics of hybrid species of C. bungei were significantly different， with seven to nine rounds of lateral branches in the inflorescence axis， and the main axis was an infinite inflorescence， and the lateral branches were dichasium， and the transition from the bottom to the top was a cyme inflorescence， which was a transitional trait from a limited inflorescence of C. bungei to an infinite inflorescence of C. ovata. The variation ranges of total flower length， flower tube diameter， flower tube length， corolla width， peduncle length， pistil length， anther length， stamen length， and sterile stamen length were 35.42-50.36， 10.84-16.13， 16.57-24.68， 31.58-44.87， 9.07-31.99， 19.44-27.52， 4.85-5.89， 13.93-21.10， 3.66-6.79 mm， respectively. The variation coefficient ranged from 10.88%-31.02%， and the diversity index ranged from 1.36-1.93. Based on the nine traits， the 12 hybrids were clustered into three types： large flower type， medium flower type and small flower type. There were significant differences in flower color among C. bungei hybrids.The values of L*， a* and b* were used to cluster the labellum flower spots color of the 12 hybrids into three categories， namely pinkish purple， purplish red and purple.

Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ， and the leaf morphology beneficial for photosynthesis has become an important breeding target. atscamp was screened from the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant library（about 6 000 lines） with wide leaves. Tail-PCR analysis revealed a T-DNA insertion at the AT1G11180 locus， which encodes a secretory carrier membrane protein（SCAMP）. RT-PCR showed that the transcriptional expression level of the gene was basically zero. The leaf width and area of the mutant were significantly larger than those of wild type plants（P<0.01）， while the crown diameter was essentially unchanged. Additionally， chlorophyll content， chlorophyll maximium fluorescence， and photosystem II potential photochemical efficiency were all increased in the atscamp mutant（P<0.05）. Correspondingly， the mutants showed significant increases in transpiration coefficient（T_r）， net photosynthetic rate（P_n）， and leaf water use efficiency（W_UE）（P<0.05）. Spatial-temporal specific expression analysis of the AT1G11180 gene revealed that the gene was highly expressed only in leaves， with low expression levels in other organs， and the gene expression gradually increased with the development and maturity of plants. The results suggested that AtSCAMP might play an important role in leaf shape development.

To explore the mixing effect of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Elaeocarpus sylvestris， 20-year-old pure and mixed C. lanceolata and E. sylvestris plantations in Fengshushan Forestry Farm in Jingdezhen were selected as test objects， and three slope positions（up slope position， middle slope position and down slope position） were set for each stand type， and the effect of mixed tree species on the plantation growth was analyzed， and the responses of the mixed effects on site condition and on environmental factors was investigated， respectively. The results showed that the volume of the mixed forests ircreased by 5% compared with the expected volume， showing a slightl increase. Compared with pure stands， the diameter distributions of the two species showed opposite trends to the mixed， the peak of diameter distribution of C. lanceolata in mixed stands moved towards higher order， however， the peak of diameter distribution of E. sylvestris in mixed stands moved towards lower order. The allometric analysis of coarse root diameter-stem diameter of pure and mixed plantations showed that C. lanceolata allometry in mixed forests was focused on stem growth， while E. sylvestris allometry in mixed forests was focused on root growth， regardless of forest type and tree species， tree growth would focus on stem growth from slope position to bottom. There was a significant negative correlation between the mixed effect of C. lanceolata and E. sylvestris and the site index， the soil available phosphorus was the main limiting factor for the growth of the mixed forests. The mixed forest of C. lanceolata and E. sylvestris might improve stand growth， and the mixed stands had better adaptability to poor site conditions.