Identification of the Maize GLP Family Genes and Their Expression in Response to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

CHUN Jianhui, DONG Wenlong, TU Yuanchao, LIU Fang, XU Yunjian

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Bulletin of Botanical Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03) : 406-418. DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.03.011
Original Paper

Identification of the Maize GLP Family Genes and Their Expression in Response to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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Abstract

Germin-like proteins （GLPs） are a class of highly conserved stress-responsive proteins that can specifically respond to symbiotic interactions. This study， based on the whole-genome information of maize B73， used bioinformatics approaches to identify and analyze the characteristics of the ZmGLP gene family. The expression patterns of ZmGLP genes during arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） symbiosis were examined by using transcriptome data. This study identified a total of 45 ZmGLP genes， which were distributed across nine chromosomes， with 25 of the genes being tandem duplications. By analysis of a phylogenetic tree， ZmGLP genes were classified into five distinct subfamilies. Notably， there were significant differences in tissue expression patterns among different ZmGLP genes. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that ZmGLP promoters contained elements responsive to light， stress， and growth and development. Interestingly， the promoter of ZmGLP4-8 contained the mycorrhiza-responsive element MYCS， and 20 ZmGLP promoters contained the potential mycorrhiza-responsive element GCCGGC. Analysis of transcriptome data from maize roots at different days after inoculation with AMF revealed that the expression of 12 ZmGLP genes was significantly changed following inoculation with AMF. Among them， ZmGLP3-3， ZmGLP4-8， ZmGLP4-16， ZmGLP4-20， ZmGLP5-1， and ZmGLP6-1 were significantly upregulated in expression during the late stage of symbiosis. These genes were located in different evolutionary branches compared to the reported symbiosis-related GLP genes， suggesting that these genes may be involved in functions related to the late stage of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Functional studies of ZmGLP3-3 showed that， compared to wild-type maize plants， the mycorrhizal symbiosis rate of the mutant zmglp3-3 was significantly reduced. In summary， this study provided a comprehensive theoretical basis for the exploration of symbiosis-related ZmGLP genes in maize， offering insights into their potential roles and functions in plant-fungal interactions.

Key words

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi / germin-like proteins / gene family / mycorrhizal symbiosis / expression analysis

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CHUN Jianhui , DONG Wenlong , TU Yuanchao , et al . Identification of the Maize GLP Family Genes and Their Expression in Response to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Bulletin of Botanical Research. 2025, 45(03): 406-418 https://doi.org/10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.03.011

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