目的 为充分发挥青年牛产犊后的产奶潜力，研究出生、配种及妊娠等不同阶段对其产后泌乳性能的影响。 方法 2021年1月—2023年12月收集新疆石河子2个规模化奶牛场中青年牛出生日期、配种日期、妊娠日期、产犊和所产犊牛体质量以及产后产奶量等信息，分析青年牛出生体质量、妊娠日期、世代间隔等因素与其产后泌乳性能的相关性。 结果 青年牛的出生体质量、配种体质量及妊娠日龄和世代间隔等因素均对其产后泌乳性能均产生显著影响，呈正相关（P＜0.05）。出生体质量在37 kg以上、配种体质量达到410 kg，妊娠日龄超过438 d以及世代间隔711.16 d以上的青年母牛产后头胎次泌乳量相对较高。 结论 应加强青年母牛妊娠期的营养管理，同时合理控制配种体质量和妊娠时间，并优化世代间隔。

Objectives The effects of different stages including the birth, mating, and gestation on the performance of postpartum lactation in dairy cows were studied to fully utilize the potential of milk production in young cows after calving. Methods Data on the date of birth, the date of mating, the date of gestation, calving, the birth weight of calf, and the yield of postpartum lactation in young cows from two large-scale dairy farms in Shihezi, Xinjiang were collected from January 2021 to December 2023. The correlation between the birth weight, gestational age, generation interval, and the performance of postpartum lactation in young cows was analyzed. Results The birth weight, mating weight, gestational age, and generation interval of young cattle significantly affected the performance of postpartum lactation in young, with a positive correlation (P<0.05). Young cows with a birth weight of 37 kg or more, a mating weight of 410 kg, a gestational age of above 438 days, and a generation interval of 711 days or more had relatively higher yield of first postpartum lactation. Conclusions The management of nutrition in young cows during gestation should be strengthened, while reasonably controlling the mating weight and gestational age, and optimizing the generation interval.