目的 研究弗莱维赫乳肉兼用牛×荷斯坦奶牛杂交F1代乳肉兼用牛(以下简称弗荷F1牛)和荷斯坦奶牛（以下简称荷牛）在冷应激环境中血清部分白介素和补体含量的变化，比较2种牛抗病力的差异，为弗莱维赫牛改良奶牛实现乳肉牛融合发展提供参考。 方法 试验在石河子市的2个牛场进行，采用品种分组试验设计，根据组间日龄、胎次、体质量相近的原则，从400头牛中选取30头弗荷F1牛和30头荷牛为试验对象，均包括犊牛、青年牛、育成牛、产奶中期牛和干奶牛各6头，使用白介素和补体检测试剂盒监测，主要监测白介素2、白介素3、白介素6、白介素10和补体3、补体4等指标。 结果 弗荷F1牛在产奶中期的IL-2含量平均高于荷牛1.12 pg/mL（P＜0.05）；弗荷F1牛犊牛、育成牛、干奶期的IL-3含量分别高于荷牛1.05、1.51、0.72 pg/mL（P＜0.05）；弗荷F1牛在各阶段的IL-6含量均低于荷牛，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；弗荷F1牛在育成期IL-10含量平均高于荷牛2.0 pg/mL（P＜0.05）。弗荷F1牛各阶段的补体C3含量分别高于荷牛1.26、1.06、0.88、1.09、2.03 ng/mL（P＜0.05）；弗荷F1牛在育成、青年、干奶期的补体C4含量分别高于荷牛1.38、2.14、1.96 ng/mL（P＜0.05）。 结论 弗荷F1牛在冷应激条件下可激发机体的免疫系统，具有较强的免疫水平和适应寒冷环境的能力。

Objectives The changes in the content of interleukins and complement in the serum of the F1 generation of Fleischer dairy and beef cattle and Holstein cattle (hereinafter referred to as Fuhe F1 cattle) and Holstein cattle (hereinafter referred to as Holstein cattle) under cold stress were studied and the differences in disease resistance between the two types of cattle were compared to provide reference for improving Fleischer cattle and achieving the integrated development of dairy and beef cattle. Methods The experiment with a group design was conducted at two cattle farms in Shihezi City. 30 Fuhe F1 cattle and 30 Holstein cattle including 6 calves, 6 young cattle, 6 mature cattle, 6 mid milk cattle and 6 dry cattle were selected from 400 cattle based on the principle of similar age, parity, and body weight between groups. Interleukin and complement detection kits were used to mainly monitor indexes including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), etc. Results The average content of IL-2 in the mid milk cattle of Fuhe F1 cattle was 1.12 pg/mL higher than that in Holstein cattle (P<0.05). The average content of IL-3 in the calves, mature cattle and dry cattle of Fuhe F1 cattle was 1.05, 1.51, 0.72 pg/mL higher than that in Holstein cattle (P<0.05). The content of IL-6 in Fuhe F1 cattle were lower than that in Holstein cattle at all stages, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The average content of IL-10 in the mature cattle of Fuhe F1 cattle was 2.0 pg/mL higher than that in Holstein cattle (P<0.05). The content of C3 in Fuhe F1 cattle at different stages was 1.26, 1.06, 0.88, 1.09, 2.03 ng/mL higher than that in Holstein cattle (P<0.05). The content of C4 in the young cattle, mature cattle, and dry cattle of Fuhe F1 cattle was 1.38, 2.14, 1.96 ng/mL higher than that in Holstein cattle (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusions Fuhe F1 cattle can stimulate the immune system of the body under cold stress, with strong levels of immune and the ability to adapt to cold environments.