目的 为探讨农村庭院养牛模式下不同母牛品种的繁殖性能和经济效益。 方法 随机抽取广西贺州市八步区母牛繁殖场20个，分为4组，每组5个繁殖场。Ⅰ组为本地黄牛繁殖场，存栏能繁母牛65头；Ⅱ组为本地水牛繁殖场，存栏能繁母牛62头；Ⅲ组为杂一代良种黄牛繁殖场，存栏能繁母牛68头；Ⅳ组为杂一代良种水牛繁殖场，存栏能繁母牛60头。在饲养条件相似的情况下，观察不同品种母牛的发情情况、配种受胎率、产仔数及效益等。 结果 Ⅰ组的发情率、受胎率、产仔率分别为96.92%、86.15%、84.62%，犊牛断奶后7～120 d发情率为90.91%，产犊力为1的占比43.08%，产值为341.15万元，均明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组。 结论 本地黄牛发情症状明显，配种受胎率、产仔数和产犊力最理想，经济效益显著，是农村庭院养殖的良好品种，其次依次为杂一代良种黄牛、本地水牛和杂一代良种水牛。

Objectives The reproduction performance and benefit analysis of cow breeds farmed in rural courtyards were studied. Methods 20 farming sites for cows in Babu District in Hezhou City of Guangxi Province were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups, with 5 farming sites in each group. Group Ⅰ was a farming site for local yellow cattle, with a capacity to breed 65 cows on hand. Group Ⅱ was a farming site for local water buffalo, with a capacity to breed 62 cows on hand. Group Ⅲ was a farming site for first hybrid yellow cattle, with a capacity to breed 68 cows on hand. Group Ⅳ was a farming site for first hybrid water buffalo, with a capacity to breed 60 cows on hand. The estrus status, conception rate, litter rate, and benefits of different breeds of cows was recorded under similar conditions of feeding. Results The estrus rate, conception rate, and litter rate in Group Ⅰ were 96.92%, 86.15%, and 84.62%, respectively. The estrus rate of calves weaned 7-120 days after weaning was 90.91% ,the proportion of Group Ⅰ with calving power of 1 was 43.08%, and the total output value was 3.411 5 million yuan, which were all higher than that of Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ. Conclusions The local yellow cattle have obvious symptoms of estrus, with the most ideal conception rate, litter rate, and calving ability. They have significant economic benefits and are a good breed for farming in rural courtyards, followed by first hybrid elite yellow cattle, local water buffalo, and first hybrid elite water buffalo.