目的 探讨不同环境因素对高山美利奴羔羊早期生长性状的影响，旨在通过调控环境因素提高生产性状和经济效益。 方法 以2021—2023年3个高山美利奴羊群的产羔记录作为研究对象，采用SPSS的一般线性模型分析性别、出生类型、出生年份、出生月份和群别等环境因素对高山美利奴羔羊初生体质量的影响。 结果 公羔的初生体质量具有极显著的优势；单羔的初生体质量极显著高于双羔；2021年和2022年出生的羔羊的初生体质量均极显著高于2023年出生的羔羊，而2021年与2022年之间无显著差异。出生月份4、5月的平均气温有6 ℃差异，对羔羊初生体质量有一定影响；在群别水平上，二群和三群的羔羊初生体质量均极显著高于一群，而二群与三群的羔羊初生体质量之间无显著差异。 结论 环境因素对高山美利奴羔羊初生体质量的影响明显，其中出生类型的影响最大，在实际育种工作中应当给予重视。

Objectives The effects of environmental factors on the early growth traits of alpine Merino lambs were studied to improve the production performance and economic benefits by regulating environmental factors. Methods The lambing records of three alpine Merino sheep herds from 2021 to 2023 were used to analyze the effects of environmental factors including sex, birth type, year of birth, month of birth, and the type of herd on the birth weight of alpine Merino lambs with the general linear model of SPSS. Results The birth weight of male lambs had a significant advantage. The birth weight of single lambs was significantly higher than that of double lambs. The birth weight of lambs born in 2021 and 2022 was significantly higher than that of lambs born in 2023, while there was no significant difference between the birth weight of lambs born 2021 and 2022. The average temperature difference between the months of birth in April and May was 6 ℃, which had a certain impact on the birth weight of lambs. At the level of herd, the birth weight of lambs in the second herd and the third herd was significantly higher than that in the first herd, while there was no significant difference in birth weight between lambs in the second herd and the third herd. Conclusions The effect of environmental factors on the birth weight of alpine Merino lambs was significant, with birth type having the greatest impact. Therefore, it should be given attention in the work of practical breeding.