目的 为中药在养禽业上“减抗”“替抗”的推广应用提供参考。 方法 选取56日龄341 g左右的灵山麻鸡200羽，随机分为4组，每组10羽鸡、每组5个重复，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮上分别添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%木棉花超微粉，饲养试验为42 d，测定试验鸡的生长性能、腹泻率、肠道菌群、血清免疫球蛋白等指标。 结果 与对照组相比，木棉花超微粉对试验鸡的平均日采食量、血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM均无显著影响，但均能不同程度地提高平均日增质量，中剂量试验组增加最多（12.67%）；试验组灵山麻鸡血清中IgG含量分别显著提高36.13%、55.35%、26.18%，且中剂量试验组效果最好。 结论 在饲料中添加木棉花超微粉可促进灵山麻鸡生长，同时降低肠道菌群的丰度和腹泻率，显著提高血清免疫球蛋白IgG的含量，且以1%木棉花超微粉效果最佳。

Objectives To provide reference for the promotion and application of traditional Chinese medicine in reducing and replacing antibodies in the poultry industry. Methods 200 Lingshan Ma chickens aged 56 days with around 341g were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 chickens in each group and 5 replicates in each group. Chicks in the control group were fed with basic diet, while chicks in the experimental group were supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% ultrafine powder of kapok on the basic diet. The feeding experiment lasted for 42 days. Measure and other Indicators including the growth performance, diarrhea rate, gut microbiota, serum immunoglobulin of chickens in the experimental group were measured. Results Compared with chickens in the control group, the ultra-fine powder of kapok had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake, serum immunoglobulin IgA, and IgM of chickens in the experimental group, but improved the average daily gain of weight to varying degrees. The chickens in the experimental group with medium dose of the ultra-fine powder of kapok showed the highest increase of the average daily gain of weight (12.67%). The content of IgG in the serum of Lingshan Ma chicken in the experimental group was significantly increased by 36.13%, 55.35%, and 26.18%, respectively, and the effect on the chickens in the experimental group with medium dose of the ultra-fine powder of kapok was the best. Conclusions Adding the ultra-fine powder of kapok to the diet can promote the growth of Lingshan Ma chickens, reduce the abundance of gut microbiota and diarrhea rate, significantly increase the content of serum immunoglobulin IgG, and the best effect is achieved with supplementing 1% the ultra-fine powder of kapok on the basic diet.