目的 比较稻田生态养殖小龙虾与传统养殖小龙虾模式的效益，探索稻田养虾的科学模式。 方法 2020—2022年，项目组分别在湖北潜江、洪湖、监利和公安4个市（县）选择新型农业经营主体作为具体实施单位，组织开展了稻田生态养殖小龙虾与传统人工养殖小龙虾的对比试验，比较不同养殖模式下的经济效益和生态效益。 结果 稻田生态养殖小龙虾比传统人工养殖小龙虾净收益高出27 060.00元/hm²；化学需氧量低7.82 mg/L，水体铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）含量低2.74 mg/L，水体总磷（TP）含量低0.17 mg/L，水体总氮（TN）含量低7.26 mg/L。 结论 稻田生态养殖小龙虾模式相比传统模式，节省了用工、用药、用肥成本，具有显著稳定的经济效益和生态效益。

Objectives The benefits of ecological aquaculture of crayfish in paddy fields were compared with those of traditional aquaculture of crayfish to explore the scientific model for farming crayfish in paddy fields. Methods The project team selected new entities of agricultural management as detailed implementation units in four cities (counties) including Qianjiang, Honghu, Jianli, and Gong'an in Hubei Province and conducted contrast experiments between the ecological aquaculture models for crayfish in paddy fields and the traditional aquaculture models for crayfish from 2020 to 2022. The economic and ecological benefits of different models for farming crayfish were compared. Results The net income of ecological aquaculture of crayfish in paddy fields was 27 060.00 yuan/hm² higher than that of traditional artificial aquaculture of crayfish. The demand of chemical oxygen, the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH⁴⁺-N) in water, the content of total phosphorus (TP) in water, and the content of total nitrogen (TN) in water under the ecological aquaculture of crayfish in paddy fields was 7.82, 2.74, 0.17, 7.26 mg/L lower than that under the traditional aquaculture of crayfish, respectively. Conclusions The ecological aquaculture models for crayfish in paddy fields saves labor, pesticides, and fertilizer, and has significant and stable benefits of economy and ecology compared with the traditional aquaculture models for crayfish.