目的 探讨规模化奶牛场不同处理工艺下污水的盐分特征规律，以期为粪污资源化利用提供理论依据。 方法 分别采集河北省17家奶牛场挤奶厅、尿液和固液分离后等经典型工艺处理的污水，测定Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺含量及全盐量和电导率，分析电导率与盐分离子间的相关性。 结果 奶牛场尿液中无机盐组分以Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Na⁺、K⁺为主，且随着处理工艺的推进，固液分离后无机盐含量逐渐降低，而挤奶厅污水中盐分含量总体上较低，仅Cl^-含量略高（436 mg/L）；污水中各阶段的全盐量和电导率存在显著差异，且尿液的全盐量和电导率均显著高于挤奶厅和固液分离后的全盐量和电导率，分别为52.2 g/L、23.3 mS/cm；相关性分析表明，全盐量与电导率、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Na⁺、K⁺均呈极显著正相关，相关性最弱的离子是Ca²⁺。 结论 规模化奶牛场污水中尿液无机盐离子和全盐量最高，固液分离后的次之，挤奶厅的最低，且电导率、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Na⁺、K⁺可表征研究污水盐度的特征因子。

Objectives The salinity characteristics of sewage under different treatment processes in large-scale dairy farms were studied to provide theoretical basis for the utilization of manure resources. Methods The sewage treated by typical processes including milking parlors, urine and solid-liquid separation from 17 dairy farms in Hebei Province were collected. The content of Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, total salinity and electrical conductivity were determined. The correlation between electrical conductivity and salt ions was analyzed. Results The components of inorganic salt in the urine of dairy farms were mainly Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Na⁺ and K⁺. With the advancement of treatment technology, the content of inorganic salt gradually decreased after solid-liquid separation. The content of salt in the sewage from the milking parlors was generally low, with only a slightly higher content of Cl^- (436 mg/L). There were significant differences in the content of total salinity and electrical conductivity among different stages of sewage, and the content of total salinity and electrical conductivity in urine was significantly higher than that in the milking parlors and solid-liquid separation, with values of 52.2 g/L and 23.3 mS/cm, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the content of total salinity was significantly positively correlated with electrical conductivity, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Na⁺ and K⁺, while the ion with the weakest correlation was Ca²⁺. Conclusions The content of inorganic salt ions and total salinity in urine from large-scale dairy farms was the highest, followed by solid-liquid separation, and the lowest in milking parlors. The electrical conductivity, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Na⁺ and K⁺ can characterize the characteristic factors for studying the salinity in sewage from large scale dairy farms.