随着纳米科技的发展，磁性纳米材料尤其是四氧化三铁（Fe₃O₄）纳米材料在医学领域的应用日益凸显其重要价值。Fe₃O₄磁性纳米材料（magnetic nanoparticles， MNPs）因具备独特的磁学性质、优良的生物相容性以及便捷的表面功能化能力而备受科研人员青睐。该材料在外加磁场作用下能够迅速定向移动，且由于其纳米级尺寸带来的高比表面积和表面能，有利于药物分子、生物分子的高效吸附和偶联。此外，Fe₃O₄ MNPs稳定的化学性质和低生物毒性使得其在医疗应用上表现出巨大潜力。在医学研究中，Fe₃O₄ MNPs被广泛应用于多个领域并取得显著成果。本文就Fe₃O₄ MNPs在药物载体、肿瘤热疗、血液净化、酶催化治疗、核磁共振成像、蛋白质与核酸的分离提纯、细胞分离以及免疫分析等方面的研究进展进行综述，并展望未来可能的发展路径与技术创新点。

With the progression of nanotechnology， magnetic nanomaterials， especially magnetite （Fe₃O₄） nanoparticles， have increasingly showcased their pivotal role in the field of medicine. The Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanomaterials garner considerable interest from researchers due to their unique magnetic properties， superior biocompatibility， and facile surface functionalization capabilities. Under the influence of external magnetic fields， these materials demonstrate rapid and directed mobility. Furthermore， their nanoscale dimensions give rise to high specific surface areas and enhanced surface energies， which facilitate the efficient adsorption and conjugation of drug molecules and biomolecules. Moreover， the stable chemical properties and low biotoxicity of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanomaterials render them highly promising for various medical applications. In biomedical research， Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanomaterials have been widely adopted across multiple domains and achieved notable advancements. This article presented a comprehensive overview of the research advances of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanomaterials in diverse areas such as drug delivery systems， tumor hyperthermia therapy， blood purification， enzyme-catalyzed therapy， magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）， protein and nucleic acid separation and purification， and cell separation and immune analysis. It also looked forward to potential development paths and innovation points in the technology..