目的 探究基于时机理论的护理干预对自体动静脉内瘘吻合术患者自我管理能力的影响，并评估其效果。 方法 2022年10月至2024年1月在本院就诊并实施自体动静脉内瘘吻合术行血液透析治疗的患者130例，运用了数字随机表法分为研究组与对照组，每组65例。对照组在住院期间将接受常规护理干预，研究组实施基于时机理论的护理干预。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，两组患者自我管理行为、生活质量采用独立样本t检验，并发症发生情况采用χ² 检验。 结果 两组患者干预前自我管理行为得分、生活质量组内比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；干预后研究组自我管理行为、生活质量等条目评分均高于对照组（P < 0.05），并发症发生率低于对照组（P < 0.05）。 结论 基于时机理论的护理干预对于增强自体动静脉内瘘吻合术患者的自我管理能力有明显效果，可为临床应用提供参考。

Objective The purpose is to explore the impact of timing based nursing interventions on self-management ability of patients undergoing autologous arteriovenous fistula anastomosis， and to evaluate their effectiveness. Methods From October 2022 to January 2024， 130 patients who received hemodialysis treatment after autologous arteriovenous fistula anastomosis in our hospital were divided into study group and control group by digital random table method， with 65 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing intervention during hospitalization， while the study group implemented nursing intervention based on timing theory. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The self-management behavior and quality of life of patients in the two groups were tested by independent sample t test， and the incidence of complications was tested by χ² test. Results There was no significant difference in the scores of self-management behavior and quality of life between the two groups before intervention （P > 0.05）. After intervention， the scores of self-management behavior and quality of life in the study group were higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）， and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Nursing intervention based on timing theory has some effect on enhancing self-management ability of patients with autologous arteriovenous fistula anastomosis， and provides reference for clinical application.