水性聚氨酯因其优异的物化性能而广泛应用于生产和生活中。但在加工使用过程中，水性聚氨酯不可避免地受到摩擦损伤会产生微小裂纹，裂纹进一步扩大成为裂缝可导致性能迅速劣化，从而影响使用寿命。因此，通过功能化改性实现水性聚氨酯循环经济化利用具有重要意义。受大自然的启发，本征型自愈合材料应运而生，是材料科学发展的最新趋势，近年来备受关注。文章从可逆共价键和可逆非共价化学键方面综述本征型自愈合水性聚氨酯的研究进展，讨论基于不同动态化学键的水性聚氨酯的愈合机理和应用，阐述水性聚氨酯自愈合材料所面临的困境，指出同时具备高愈合效率、短愈合时间、可在温和条件下自主愈合和优异力学性能的自愈合水性聚氨酯材料将在不久的将来实现，并逐渐进入实际应用阶段。

Waterborne polyurethanes are widely used in production and daily life due to their excellent physicochemical properties. However, during processing and use, waterborne polyurethanes inevitably suffer from frictional damage, which can lead to the formation of micro-cracks. These cracks can further expand into larger cracks, causing rapid performance degradation and thus affecting their service life. Therefore, achieving the circular economy use of waterborne polyurethanes through functional modification is of great significance. Inspired by nature, intrinsic type self-healing materials have emerged as the latest trend in materials science and have attracted much attention in recent years. The article reviews the research progress of intrinsic type self-healing waterborne polyurethanes from the aspects of reversible covalent bonds and reversible non-covalent chemical bonds, discusses the healing mechanisms and applications of waterborne polyurethanes based on different dynamic chemical bonds, elaborates on the challenges faced by self-healing waterborne polyurethane materials, and points out that self-healing waterborne polyurethane materials with high healing efficiency, short healing time, the ability to self-heal under mild conditions, and excellent mechanical properties will be realized in the near future and gradually enter the practical application phase.