通过注塑成型工艺制得汽车引擎盖，所用材料为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物（ABS），借助Moldflow软件对其进行模流分析，通过响应面代理模型及遗传算法研究成型过程中熔体温度、模具温度、保压压力以及保压时间对制件缺陷的影响。结果表明：各因素对翘曲变形量的影响顺序为：保压压力>熔体温度>保压时间>模具温度。当制件的保压压力为58 MPa、保压时间为20 s、模具温度为30 ℃、熔体温度为230 ℃时，制件的翘曲变形量最小，优化后制件翘曲变形量较未优化前减小0.188 6 mm，整体质量提升31.33%。通过遗传算法计算，优化后的预测值为0.40 mm，与最终的模拟值相对误差为3.2%，满足实际生产要求。

The car hood is manufactured through the injection molding process, using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer as the material. Moldflow software is utilized for mold flow analysis, and the effects of melt temperature, mold temperature, packing pressure, and packing time on part defects during the molding process are studied using response surface surrogate models and genetic algorithms. The results indicate that the order of influence of each factor on warpage deformation is: Packing pressure > melt temperature > packing time > mold temperature. When the part's packing pressure is 58 MPa, packing time is 20 s, mold temperature is 30 ℃, and melt temperature is 230 ℃, the part's warpage deformation is minimized. After optimization, the part's warpage deformation is reduced by 0.188 6 mm compared to before optimization, and the overall quality is improved by 31.33%. The predicted value calculated by the genetic algorithm is 0.40 mm, with a relative error of 3.2% compared to the final simulation value, which meets the actual production requirements.