碳/碳复合材料（C/CCs）由于其质量轻、导热系数低、耐高温等优点，被认为是隔热应用中最有前途的材料之一。采用树脂浸渍的方式，将二氧化锆、纳米二氧化硅以及氧化铝作为功能性材料引入碳纤维毡/酚醛树脂复合材料中，制得具备优良隔热性能的二氧化硅/氧化铝/二氧化锆@碳/碳复合材料（SiO₂/Al₂O₃/ZrO₂@C/CCs），该材料在500 ℃条件下的热导率仅为0.135 W/（m·K）。探讨不同组分比例对隔热性能的影响，并对含不同金属氧化物的碳/碳复合材料表面形貌、力学性能和隔热性能进行对比分析。结果表明：较未加纳米无机材料的碳/碳复合材料，无机材料改性的复合材料隔热性能明显提升，热稳定性得到提高。当SiO₂、Al₂O₃、ZrO₂ 3种无机材料协同作用时，提升效果最为明显，更利于复合材料在高温环境中的使用。

For thermal insulation applications, carbon/carbon composites (C/CCs) are considered to be one of the most promising materials owing to their light weight, low thermal conductivity, and high temperature tolerance. In this paper, zirconium dioxide, nano-silica and alumina were introduced into carbon fiber felt/phenolic resin composites as functional materials by resin impregnation, and silica/alumina/zirconium dioxide@carbon/carbon composites (SiO₂/Al₂O₃/ZrO₂@C/CCs) with excellent thermal insulation properties were prepared. The thermal conductivity of SiO₂/Al₂O₃/ZrO₂@C/CCs at 500 ℃ is only 0.135 W/(m·K). The effects of different component ratios on thermal insulation properties were discussed, and the surface morphology, mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties of carbon/carbon composites containing different metal oxides were compared and analyzed. Compared with the carbon/carbon composites without nano-inorganic materials, the results show that not only the thermal insulation performance of the composites but also the thermal stability are extremely improved. Under the synergistic action of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂, the improvement effect is the most obvious, which is more conducive to the utilization of the composites in high temperature environment.