研究以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）为基体，以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）、甘蔗渣纤维（BF）、纳米CaCO₃为填料，通过熔融共混法制备性能优良且可降解的ABS/PBS/BF/纳米CaCO₃复合材料，探究PBS、BF及纳米CaCO₃的加入量对复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性的影响，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重（TG）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等对ABS/PBS/BF/纳米CaCO₃复合材料进行测试和表征。结果表明：加入PBS、纳米CaCO₃和改性BF可以提高纤维与基体结晶性、相容性和热稳定性；PBS质量分数为5%、BF质量分数为5%、纳米CaCO₃质量分数为5%时，复合材料的性能最佳，材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为52.74 MPa和8.416 5 kJ/m²。研究可为生物可降解的汽车复合材料制备提供参考。

In this study, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was used as the matrix, and polybutylene succinate (PBS), bagasse fiber (BF), and nano-CaCO₃ were used as fillers to prepare high-performance and biodegradable ABS/PBS/BF/nano-CaCO₃ composites by melt blending, to explore the effects of the addition of PBS, BF, and nano-CaCO₃ on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites, and the ABS/PBS/BF/nano-CaCO₃ composites were tested and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the addition of PBS, nano-CaCO₃ and modified BF could improve the fiber-matrix crystallinity, compatibility and thermal stability. The best performance of the composites was achieved when the mass fraction of PBS was 5%, the mass fraction of BF was 5%, the mass fraction of nano-CaCO₃ was 5%, and the tensile strength and impact strength of the materials were 52.74 MPa and 8.416 5 kJ/m², respectively. The study could provide a good basis for the biodegradable automotive composites preparation.