以湿法纺聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）纤维为芯层，以正硅酸乙酯和聚丙烯腈（PAN）为皮层，通过静电纺纱仪制备SiO₂/PVDF和PAN/PVDF两种纤维包覆纱，并将纤维包覆纱进行碳化处理，然后加入聚乙烯醇（PVA）中通过冷冻干燥的方式制备气凝胶，研究两种纤维包覆纱对PVA基气凝胶压缩性能、隔热性能及电磁波吸收性能的影响。结果表明：纤维包覆纱的加入能够增强PVA基气凝胶的抗压缩性，其中加入PAN/PVDF包覆纱的气凝胶其抗压缩性能最佳，压缩应力达到112.3 kPa，相比未改性的气凝胶提升了45%，且经过5轮压缩回弹实验后，恢复率仍能保持90%以上。此外，加入纤维包覆纱后，两种改性气凝胶的介电损耗性能均提高。其中，当PAN/PVDF包覆纱改性后的气凝胶厚度为1 mm时，其有效吸波带宽为1.08 GHz，最强吸收峰值达到-40.4 dB，展现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。

SiO₂/PVDF and PAN/PVDF fibers were prepared by electrospinning instrument with wet spinning polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber as the core layer and ethyl orthosilicate and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the skin layer, and the fiber-coated yarn was carbonized, and then added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare aerogel by freeze-drying. The effects of two kinds of fiber-coated yarns on compressibility properties, thermal insulation properties and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of PVA-based aerogels were studied. The results show that the addition of fiber-coated yarn can enhance the compression resistance of PVA-based aerogels, and the aerogels with PAN/PVDF coated yarns have the best compression resistance, with a compressive stress of 112.3 kPa, which is 45% higher than that of unmodified aerogels, and recovery rate can still be maintained by more than 90% after five rounds of compression rebound experiments. In addition, when the thickness of the aerogel modified by PAN/PVDF coated yarn is 1 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth is 1.08 GHz, and the maximum absorption peak reaches -40.4 dB, showing excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance.