为改善高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）表面润湿性，分别采用氧气（O₂）和氮气（N₂）等离子体对其表面进行改性，以水（H₂O）和二碘甲烷（CH₂I₂）作为测试液对改性前后的表面接触角进行测试，分析了改性后表面润湿性变化，确定了O₂和N₂低温等离子体改善HDPE表面润湿性的最优工艺。进一步采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X光电子能谱微观结构（XPS）对最优工艺处理前后HDPE表面形貌、化学结构及官能团进行了分析。结果表明：经O₂和N₂等离子体处理后，HDPE表面润湿性显著提高，表面能增大，两种等离子体改善HDPE表面润湿性最优工艺分别为功率1 000 W、时间10 s、流速1.5 L/min（O₂），功率800 W、时间15 s、流速2.5 L/min（N₂）；等离子体处理后，HDPE表面发生蚀刻现象，产生明显凹坑，并在其表面引入了含氧官能团C—O、C=O、O—C=O和含氮气官能团—C—NH₂、—C—NH—。N₂等离子体最优工艺处理对HDPE表面润湿性改善效果较O₂明显。

In order to improve the wettability of high density polyethylene (HDPE) surface, the surface of HDPE was modified by oxygen (O₂) and nitrogen (N₂) plasma respectively, the surface contact angles before and after modification were tested with water (H₂O) and diiodomethane (CH₂I₂), the wettability changes of the modified surface were analyzed, and the optimal process for improving the surface wettability by plasma of O₂ and N₂ was determined. Furthermore, the surface morphology, chemical structure and functional groups of HDPE were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the wettability and surface energy of HDPE were increased significantly after being treated by O₂ and N₂ plasma.The optimum process for improving the surface wettability of HDPE by two kinds of plasma was as follows: Power 800 W, time 10 s, flow rate 1.5 L/min for O₂, power 1 000 W, time 15 s, flow rate 2.5 L/min for N₂. After plasma treatment, the surface of HDPE was etched and pitted, and oxygen-containing functional groups C=O, O—C=O, and nitrogen-containing functional groups —C—NH₂,—C—NH— were introduced into the surface of HDPE. N₂ optimal plasma treatment has a better effect on the surface wettability of HDPE than that of O₂.