聚丙烯是一种重要的工程塑料，质轻且力学性能优异。氧化锌是一种常用的无机填料，由于其优异的光电性能、热稳定性和抗菌性能，常用于聚合物的共混改性。通过可控合成可以得到不同形貌的氧化锌样品。为了探究氧化锌形貌对改性聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响，采用母粒法制备聚丙烯/不同形貌氧化锌复合材料，通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析、傅里叶红外光谱、力学性能测试和抗菌实验，对复合材料的力学性能、晶体结构和抗菌性能进行测试。结果表明：复合材料中氧化锌的形貌和质量分数影响聚丙烯的晶体结构；聚丙烯/3%球状氧化锌复合材料的拉伸强度最大，达到32.8 MPa；聚丙烯/5%四针状氧化锌对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有最高的抑菌率，分别达到71.6%和89.6%。

Polypropylene is an important engineering plastic with lightweight and excellent mechanical properties. Zinc oxide is a commonly used inorganic filler, which is commonly used in polymer blending due to its excellent photoelectric performance, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties. By controllable synthesis, different morphologies of zinc oxide can be obtained. To investigate the effect of zinc oxide with different morphologies on the properties of modified polypropylene composites, polypropylene/zinc oxide composites with different morphologies were prepared with the master batch method. The mechanical property, crystal structure, and antibacterial properties of the composites were tested through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical performance testing, and antibacterial experiments. The results indicate that the morphology and mass fraction of zinc oxide in composites affected the crystal structure of polypropylene. The tensile strength of polypropylene/3% spherical zinc oxide composites was the highest, reaching 32.8 MPa. Polypropylene/5% tetrapod-like zinc oxide has the highest antibacterial rate against E. coli and S. aureus, reaching 71.6% and 89.6%, respectively.