随着全球塑料污染问题的日益严重，对空气中微塑料颗粒鉴定方法的研究变得越发重要。文章综述了近年来在这一领域取得的进展。介绍了常用的空气样品收集方法，包括被动采样和主动采样。讨论了常用的微塑料颗粒预处理方法，涉及筛分、消解以及密度分离法。重点总结了大气微塑料的鉴定方法，如显微镜观察、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱等。然而，现有的鉴定方法仍然存在一些挑战，如微塑料颗粒数量和尺寸分布等。探讨了未来的机遇，包括开发更灵敏的检测方法和建立数据库以实现大规模监测；建议建立一套完整、规范化的空气微塑料采样与分析技术。总结了当前大气微塑料鉴定方法现状，指出面临的挑战与发展方向，为大气微塑料污染控制提供理论基础。

With the increasing global plastic pollution crisis, identification methods of airborne microplastic particles have been regarded as a crucial issue. This paper reviewed the progress made in this area in recent years. Commonly used air sample collection methods were described, including passive sampling and active sampling. Sample preparation methods, such as sieving, digestion, and density separation were discussed. Besides, microplastic particle identification methods, such as microscopic observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were highlighted. However, there are still some challenges in the existing identification methods, such as the number and size distribution of microplastic particles. Future researches focused on the development of sensitive detection and databases establishment to enable large-scale monitoring were suggested. It was also recommended to establish complete and standardized airborne microplastic sampling and analysis technology. The present review concludes the current status of identification methods for airborne microplastic particles and point outs an outlook on future development directions, which provides a theoretical basis for the control of atmospheric microplastic pollution.