以葡萄糖为主要原料，使用水热法制备出碳纳米球（CNs）。并利用聚乙烯吡络烷酮（PVP）对CNs进行改性，制备出PVP接枝CNs（PVP-g-CNs）。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对改性前后CNs的结构形貌、基团变化进行表征，并测试了改性CNs的分散性能和对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能。结果表明：改性后的CNs尺寸变大，表面结构也发生了变化，但晶体无定型结构没有发生变化。PVP-g-CNs在水中表现出良好的分散性能，吸附测试显示，当PVP添加量为0.50 g，MB溶液质量浓度为30 mg/L时，PVP-g-CNs对MB的吸附容量最大达到了155.03 mg/g，且吸附容量随溶液pH值的增大而增大。吸附模型的拟合结果显示其符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型，其理论最大吸附容量为238.095 2 mg/g，表现出优异的吸附性能。

This study utilized glucose as the main raw material to prepare carbon nanospheres (CNs) using a hydrothermal method. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was employed to modify the CNs, resulting in PVP grafted CNs (PVP-g-CNs). The structural morphology and functional group changes of the CNs before and after modification were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the dispersibility and adsorption performance of the modified CNs for methylene blue (MB) were tested. The results showed that the modified CNs exhibited an increased size and altered surface structure, while the amorphous crystal structure remained unchanged. PVP-g-CNs demonstrated good dispersibility in water, and adsorption tests revealed that when the PVP addition amount was 0.50 g and the MB solution mass concentration was 30 mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity of PVP-g-CNs for MB reached 155.03 mg/g, with the adsorption capacity increasing with the pH of the solution. The fitting results of the adsorption model showed conformity to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 238.095 2 mg/g, thus demonstrating excellent adsorption performance.