采用碳化硅晶须（SiCw）用作高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）中的增强填料，制备高密度聚乙烯/碳化硅晶须（HDPE/SiCw）复合材料。通过对HDPE/SiCw复合材料导热系数、维卡软化温度、热性能及力学性能的表征和分析，探究SiCw掺量对HDPE复合材料力学及导热性能的影响。结果表明：随着SiCw掺量的增加，HDPE复合材料导热系数不断升高，且熔融温度T _m和热焓ΔH均不断增加。HDPE复合材料的热稳定性得到有效提升，同时，HDPE复合材料的维卡软化温度呈现先上升后小幅降低的趋势，HDPE复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度及断裂强度均呈现先上升后波动或者稳定变化的趋势，而断裂伸长率呈现下降的趋势，在SiCw掺量为30%时，HDPE复合材料的导热系数为0.85 W/（m·K），而熔融温度T _m和热焓ΔH分别为144.12 ℃和162.1 J/g，HDPE复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度及断裂强度分别为1 301.0、36.5、22.4 MPa，分别比纯HDPE增加了47.51%、36.70%、57.74%。

Silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) were used as reinforcing fillers in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare high-density polyethylene/silicon carbide whiskers (HDPE/SiCw) composites. By characterizing and analyzing the thermal conductivity, Vicat softening temperature, thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE/SiCw composites, the influence of SiCw content on the mechanical and thermal conductivity of HDPE composites is explored. The results showed that with the increase of SiCw content, the thermal conductivity of HDPE composites continued to increase, and the melting temperature T _m and enthalpy ΔH both continued to increase. The thermal stability of HDPE composites has been effectively improved. At the same time, the Vicat softening temperature of HDPE composites shows a trend of first increasing and then slightly decreasing. The elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture strength of HDPE composites all show a trend of first increasing and then fluctuating or stable changes, while the elongation at break shows a decreasing trend. When the SiCw content is 30%, the thermal conductivity of HDPE/SiCw composites is 0.85 W/(m·K), the melting temperature T _m and enthalpy ΔH were 144.12 ℃ and 162.1 J/g, respectively. The elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture strength of HDPE composites were 1 301.0, 36.5, 22.4 MPa, respectively, increased by 47.51%, 36.70%, 57.75%, respectively compared with pure HDPE.