以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液为胶黏剂，空心玻璃微珠、石膏和石墨为基体材料，采用热烘干法制备1种用于复合材料成型的轻质高强水溶性芯模，研究了胶黏剂含量、基体材料对水溶性芯模的力学性能和水溶速率的影响，研究了改性方法对水溶性芯模的力学性能的影响，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对改性水溶性芯模的微观形貌进行观察，对其改性机理进行初步探索。结果表明：水溶性芯模的密度为0.46~0.58 g/cm³。高温处理以及不同尺度粒径玻璃微珠的复配是有效改性手段，水溶性芯模改性前弯曲强度可达7.46 MPa，压缩强度达到7.45 MPa，水溶速率为1.11 g/min；而改性后弯曲强度达到13.21 MPa，压缩强度达到13.45 MPa，同时水溶速率6.34 g/min。水溶性芯模的综合性能可满足复合材料成型工艺的要求，为中空异形复合材料的整体成型提供了解决方案。

A lightweight and high-strength water-soluble core mold for composites was prepared by hot-air drying method using aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone as the adhesive and hollow glass beads, gypsum and graphite as the matrix materials. The effects of adhesive content and matrix material on the mechanical properties and dissolution rates of the water-soluble core mold were investigated. The effect of modification methods on the mechanical properties of water-soluble core molds was investigated, and the microscopic morphology of the modified water-soluble core mold was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its modification mechanism was initially explored. The results shows that the density of water-soluble core mold is 0.46~0.58 g/cm³, and the high-temperature treatment and the compounding of glass beads with different scales of particle size are the effective means of modification. The flexural strength of the water-soluble core can reach 7.46 MPa, the compression strength reaches 7.45 MPa, and the dissolution rate is 1.11 g/min before the modification, while the flexural strength of the modified core mold can reach 13.21 MPa, the compression strength reaches 13.45 MPa, and the dissolution rate is 6.34 g/min. The comprehensive performance of the water-soluble core mold can meet the requirements of the composite molding process, and it provides a solution for the integrated molding of the hollow profiled composites.