研发具有高效耐燃性能的3D打印耗材是增材制造的重要课题。文章采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）作为3D打印耗材的耐燃性基体，以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐（MPP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPP）为阻燃剂，通过熔融沉积成型法成功制备了用于3D打印的高效耐燃复合材料。综合分析了PVDF基复合材料的燃烧性能、热学性能和力学性能等。结果表明：阻燃剂MPP和TPP在增强3D打印PVDF基复合材料阻燃性上表现出协同效应，使其极限氧指数（LOI）从49.10%增加到54.22%。此外，3D打印复合材料的加工性、导热性和耐热性也通过三种阻燃剂的添加实现了优化。最后利用田口方法对3D打印复合材料的三点弯曲性能进行了统计评估，发现减少TPP的添加量有助于提升材料力学性能。

Research and development of 3D printing consumables with high efficiency and flame resistance is an important topic in additive manufacturing. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used as the flame resistant matrix of 3D printing consumables, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were used as flame retardants. The high-efficiency flame resistant composites for 3D printing were successfully prepared by melt deposition molding method. The combustibility, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of PVDF matrix composites were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that MPP and TPP show a synergistic effect in enhancing the flame retardancy of 3D printed PVDF matrix composites, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) is increased from 49.10% to 54.22%. In addition, the processability, thermal conductivity, and heat resistance of 3D printing composites are optimized by adding three flame retardants. Finally, the three-point bending properties of 3D printed composites are statistically evaluated by the Taguchi method, and it is found that reducing the amount of TPP is helpful to improve mechanical properties of materials.