2025年1月7日西藏定日MS6.8地震余震序列特征与发震构造

PDF(13171 KB)
PDF(13171 KB)
Earth Science ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (05) : 1721-1732. DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.033

Author information +
History +

Abstract

On January 7, 2025, at 09:05, an M S6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County in the Xizang Autonomous Region, resulting in significant casualties and property damage. The epicenter of the main shock was located in the Dingmucuo graben, in the western segment of the southern Shenzha-Dingjie rift zone in the southern Tibetan Plateau, and the focal mechanism was identified as a typical normal faulting earthquake. The seismogenic fault is the normal faults in Dingmucuo graben, however, the distribution of surface rupture and geometry of normal faults, as well as the evolution model of this graben is relatively limited. This study discusses the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and the evolution model of the Shenzha-Dingjie rift through the interpretation of remote sensing images before and after the event, field investigations of surface ruptures, and the relocation of the seismic sequence. Earthquake investigations revealed significant surface ruptures developed on both the eastern and western sides of Dingmucuo, forming a typical graben structure, while the northern segment primarily developed in the eastern part of the Nixiacuo, exhibiting significant displacement and resembling a half-graben structure. Notably, the surface rupture extends about 30 km in the graben showing a migration of the graben boundary fault into the basin. Furthermore, based on the seismic phase data recorded by the permanent and temporary stations, 4 312 high-precision location results were determined by using a double-difference relocation method. The epicenter of the main shock was determined to be at 28.51°N, 87.52°E, with a focal depth of 11.3 km. The aftershock sequence was consistent with the direction of the surface rupture, showing a ~NS distribution, with depths concentrated around ~4‒17 km. The aftershock distribution revealed the coexistence of east-dipping and west-dipping fault characteristics. Based on the surface rupture and aftershock sequence, it concludes that the seismogenic fault for this earthquake is the eastern boundary fault of the Dingmucuo graben, with a dip angle of approximately 60°‒70°. The earthquake sequence is primarily concentrated in the upper crust and is likely a response to boundary stress resulting from the thrusting along Himalayan arc.

Key words

Shenzha-Dingjie rift / earthquakes / Dingmucuo graben / surface rupture / aftershock sequence / tectonics

Cite this article

Download Citations

References

Armijo, R., Tapponnier, P., Mercier, J. L., et al., 1986. Quaternary Extension in Southern Tibet: Field Observations and Tectonic Implications. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 91(B14): 13803-13872. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb091ib14p13803
Chen, Y., Li, W., Yuan, X. H., et al., 2015. Tearing of the Indian Lithospheric Slab beneath Southern Tibet Revealed by SKS-Wave Splitting Measurements. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 413: 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.041
England, P., Houseman, G., 1989. Extension during Continental Convergence, with Application to the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 94(B12): 17561-17579. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb094ib12p17561
Fang, L.H., Wu, J.P., Su, J.R., et al., 2018. Relocation of Mainshock and Aftershock Sequence of the M s7.0 Sichuan Jiuzhaigou Earthquake. Chinese Science Bulletin, 63(7): 649-662 (in Chinese).
Gan, W. J., Zhang, P. Z., Shen, Z. K., et al., 2007. Present-Day Crustal Motion within the Tibetan Plateau Inferred from GPS Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B8): 2005JB004120. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb004120
Gu, G.X.,1983. The Catalogue of Earthquakes in China (1831 BC-1969 AD).Science Press, Beijing, 894 (in Chinese).
He, R. Z., Shang, X. F., Yu, C. Q., et al., 2014. A Unified Map of Moho Depth and Vp/Vs Ratio of Continental China by Receiver Function Analysis. Geophysical Journal International, 199(3): 1910-1918. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu365
Hou, Z. Q., Wang, R., Zhang, H. J., et al., 2023. Formation of Giant Copper Deposits in Tibet Driven by Tearing of the Subducted Indian Plate. Earth-Science Reviews, 243: 104482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104482
Huang, T., Wu, Z.H., Han, S., et al., 2024. The Basic Characteristics of Active Faults in the Region of Xigaze,Xizang and the Assessment of Potential Earthquake Disaster Risks. Progress in Earthquake Sciences, 54(10): 696-711 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiao, L. Q., Tapponnier, P., Coudurier-Curveur Mccallum, A., et al., 2024. The Shape of the Himalayan “Arc”: An Ellipse Pinned by Syntaxial Strike-Slip Fault Tips. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(4): e2313278121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313278121
Kali, E., van der Woerd, J., Leloup, P.H., et al., 2010. Extension in Central-South Tibet, Insight from Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, San Francisco, T41D-04.
Kapp, P., Taylor, M., Stockli, D., et al., 2008. Development of Active Low-Angle Normal Fault Systems during Orogenic Collapse: Insight from Tibet. Geology, 36(1): 7. https://doi.org/10.1130/g24054a.1
Leloup, P. H., Mahéo, G., Arnaud, N., et al., 2010. The South Tibet Detachment Shear Zone in the Dinggye Area Time Constraints on Extrusion Models of the Himalayas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 292(1-2): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.035
Li, K., Tapponnier, P., Xu, X. W., et al., 2023. The 2022, M S6.9 Menyuan Earthquake: Surface Rupture, Paleozoic Suture Re-Activation, Slip-Rate and Seismic Gap along the Haiyuan Fault System, NE Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 622: 118412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118412
Li, N., Liu, L.Q., Zhu, L.D., et al., 2024. Quaternary Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Dingmucuo Graben, Northern Himalaya. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 51 (6): 1048-1056 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li, Z.C., Sun, J.Z., Ji, Z.M., et al., 2025. Rapid Simulation of Acceleration Waveform at Everest Seismic Station of Xizang Dingri M S6.8 Earthquake on January 7, 2025. Earth Science (in Chinese with English abstract).
McCaffrey, R., Nabelek, J., 1998. Role of Oblique Convergence in the Active Deformation of the Himalayas and Southern Tibet Plateau. Geology, 26(8): 691. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)0260691: roocit>2.3.co;2
Royden, L. H., Burchfiel, B. C., King, R. W., et al., 1997. Surface Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow in Eastern Tibet. Science, 276(5313): 788-790. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5313.788
Seeber, L., Armbruster, J. G., 1984. Some Elements of Continental Subduction along the Himalayan Front. Tectonophysics, 105(1-4): 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90207-5
Tapponnier, P., Xu, Z. Q., Roger, F., et al., 2001. Oblique Stepwise Rise and Growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294(5547): 1671-1677. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.105978
Teng, J.W., Xiong, S.B., Yin, Z.X., et al., 1983. Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle Pattern and Velocity Distributional Characteristics at Northern Region of the Himalayan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 26(6): 525-540 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian, T.T., Wu, Z.H., 2023. The Latest Prehistoric Earthquake Event of Dingmucuo Normal Fault in the Southern Section of Shenzha-Dingjie Rift in Tibet and Its Seismic Geological Significance. Geological Review, 69(S1): 53-55 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Waldhauser, F., 2000. A Double-Difference Earthquake Location Algorithm: Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California. The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(6): 1353-1368. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000006
Wang, H., Elliott, J. R., Craig, T. J., et al., 2014. Normal Faulting Sequence in the Pumqu-Xainza Rift Constrained by InSAR and Teleseismic Body-Wave Seismology. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15(7): 2947-2963. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005369
Wang, S. G., Chevalier, M. L., Tapponnier, P., et al., 2024. Timing and Characteristics of Co-Seismic Surface Ruptures in the Yadong Rift, Southern Tibet. Journal of Structural Geology, 188: 105264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105264
Wang, S. G., Replumaz, A., Chevalier, M. L., et al., 2022a. Decoupling between Upper Crustal Deformation of Southern Tibet and Underthrusting of Indian Lithosphere. Terra Nova, 34(1): 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12563
Wang, S. G., Shen, X. M., Chevalier, M. L., et al., 2022b. Illite K-Ar and (U-Th)/He Low-Temperature Thermochronology Reveal Onset Timing of Yadong- Gulu Rift in Southern Tibetan Plateau. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10: 993796. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.993796
Wang, W.L, Fang, L.H., Wu, J.P., et al, 2021. Aftershock Sequence Relocation of the 2021 Ms7.4 Maduo Earthquake, Qinghai, China. Science China Earth Science, 51(7): 1193-1202 (in Chinese).
Wang, Y.Z., Chen, S., Chen, K., 2021. Source Model and Tectonic Implications of the 2020 Dingri M W5.7 Earthquake Constrained by InSAR Data. Earthquake, 41(1): 116-128 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu, X.Y., 2019, Late Quaternary Activity and Its Environmental Effects of the N-S Trend Kharta Fault in Xaiinza-Dinggyr Rift, Southern Tibet. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration (Dissertation), Beijing, 1-84 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang, P.X., Ren, J.W., Chen, Z.W., et al., 2010. Tectonic Geomorphology of the Northern Segment of Shenzha-Dingjie Graben since Miocene in Middle Tibetan Plateau. Earthquake, 30(3): 81-89 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang, T., Jia, K., Zhu, A. Y., et al., 2023. The 2022 M S5.8 and 6.0 Maerkang Earthquakes: Two Strike-Slip Events Occurred on V-Shaped Faults. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 113(6): 2432-2446. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120220206
Yao, J.Y., Yao, D.D., Chen, F., et al., 2025. A Preliminary Catalog of Early Aftershocks Following the 7 January 2025 M S6.8 Dingri, Xizang Earthquake. Journal of Earth Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0210-9
Yu, C., Li, Z.H., Hu, X.N., 2025. Source Parameters and Induced Hazards of the 2025 Mw 7.1 Dingri Earthquake on the Southern Tibetan Plateau (Xizhang), China, as Revealed by Imaging Geodesy. Journal of Earth Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0175-8
Zhang, Z., Klemperer, S., 2010. Crustal Structure of the Tethyan Himalaya, Southern Tibet: New Constraints from Old Wide-Angle Seismic Data. Geophysical Journal International, 181: 1247-1260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04578.x

感谢中国地震局第一监测中心和西藏自治区地震局在震后布设的流动台站.感谢中国地震台网中心和西藏自治区地震局提供的快报观测报告.感谢中国地质大学(北京)徐锡伟教授、中国地质大学(武汉)王墩教授、中国地质科学院潘家伟研究员对本文提出的修改建议,感谢中国地震局第一监测中心余大新、西藏自治区地震局高锦瑞、中国地震局地震预测研究所付国超等人在数据使用方面提供的帮助.感谢中国地震台网中心马亚伟提供地震震源机制解.地震目录获取地址: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389138097_dingridezhenjingdingweimulu.

Comments

PDF(13171 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/