The construction of ecological civilization has become a major strategic task related to the well-being of the people and the future of the nation. As China's geographic boundary zone, climate zoning zone and ecological barrier zone, Qinling Mountain is also an important water conservation area of the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Its ecological barrier function is crucial to maintain the ecological security of the whole China and plays an important role in China’s ecological geological pattern. However, under the influence of climate change and human activities, the Qinling Mountain is faced with a series of problems, such as changeable geological environment, fragile ecological environment, frequent geological disasters, and disharmony between human and land systems, which lead to the serious limitation of the central ecological barrier function. As the carrier of ecological system, Qinling ecological geological environment is the basic research work of Qinling ecological protection and sustainable development. In this paper it attempts to sort out the composition and background characteristics of the elements of the ecological geological environment system in the Qinling Mountain, grasp the mutual feeding and synergistic evolution relationship of the elements of the ecological geological environment system in the Qinling Mountain, define the progressive evolution process of ecological damage, soil and water disasters and geological disasters in the Qinling Mountain, and then build the research system of the ecological geological environment system in the Qinling Mountain. At the same time, it preliminarily puts forward five key scientific problems that need to be solved in the future in this field. The research shows follows. (1) The background characteristic elements of Qinling ecological geological environment include mountain, rock mass, soil mass, water body and forest. The overall performance of the “five bodies” is: the mountains are high in the west and low in the east, steep in the north and gentle in the south. Complex structure and diverse lithology. The soil is barren in the west and fertile in the east. It belongs to the Yellow River system in the north and the Yangtze River system in the south. The water system is sparse in the west and dense in the east. The difference of vegetation types between east and west is large, while the difference between north and south is small, and the overall vegetation coverage is high. (2) Qinling Mountain has a strong interaction between human and land. The engineering construction projects crisscross, local ecological damage is serious, and water and soil disasters and geological disasters occur frequently. (3) Qinling ecogeological environment system is composed of geological environment subsystem, ecological environment subsystem and disaster environment subsystem. The three subsystems are coupled and interacted with each other, and the relationship between them is significant. (4) The elements in the three subsystems of Qinling geological environment, ecological environment and disaster environment are rich in composition, and the elements feed each other significantly. The complex mutual feed, coordination and progressive relationship between and within the subsystems and human activities jointly build the research system of Qinling ecological geological environment system. (5) The ecological geological environment of the Qinling Mountain should grasp the concept of ecological green priority and green development, focus on the problems of ecological geological security and disaster environmental system, and implement interdisciplinary, multi angle, and all-round integration to solve the related problems that need to be solved urgently in the future around the collaborative evolution law and dynamic regulation mechanism of forest soil rock mass mountain water body in the Qinling Mountain. The study is expected to provide basic reference and reference for the research on the mutual feeding effect of the Qinling ecological geological environment circle, the mechanism of co evolution and the subsequent development of ecological control technology.