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  • Endocrine Regulation and Metabolic Diseases
    Dong Xiaoying, Yin Jingxia, Li Ling, Yu Li, Pu Danlan, Liao Yong
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 565-573. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003750
    Abstract (159) PDF (19) HTML (123)   Knowledge map   Save

    Over the years,the American Diabetes Association(ADA) has been actively committed to the development and promotion of standards for the diagnosis,treatment,and daily care of diabetes. Since 1989,it has updated the diabetes diagnosis and treatment standards every year,which have become one of the most authoritative guidelines in diabetes and have been recognized and adopted by various countries. On December 10,2024,the 2025 Standards of Care in Diabetes were released,incorporating the latest evidence-based medicine content related to diabetes and its complications and comorbidities. It aims to provide guidance on the diagnosis,treatment,and management of the condition for clinicians,patients and their families,and researchers. This article interprets the major updates from the Standards.

  • Endocrine Regulation and Metabolic Diseases
    Yin Jingxia, Yu Li, Pu Danlan, Xu Xiaoli, Liao Yong
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 557-564. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003749
    Abstract (143) PDF (34) HTML (113)   Knowledge map   Save

    In recent years,significant progress has been made in diabetes research both domestically and internationally,new diagnosis and treatment techniques and methods have been constantly emerging,and clinical research evidence has been continuously accumulated and updated. To keep pace with these important developments,the Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has actively organized experts to update the China Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. This update aims to provide a more comprehensive and scientific guide for diabetes prevention and treatment,greatly promote the standardized and integrated management of diabetes by clinicians,and ensure that patients receive standardized and personalized treatment plans to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.

  • Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Column
    Wu Ye, Sang Tian, Guan Qian
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(03): 275-279. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003752
    Abstract (73) PDF (17) HTML (54)   Knowledge map   Save

    Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome is an inflammation-related acute encephalopathy that occurs in previously healthy children and adolescents. It is clinically characterized by super-refractory status epilepticus that occurs after a febrile infection and is often associated with poor prognosis. In recent years,with a deeper understanding of this disease,the treatment approaches have shifted to early and timely immunotherapy and comprehensive support on the basis of standardized anti-epileptic seizure treatment. This review comprehensively elaborates the definition,clinical characteristics,auxiliary examinations,pathogenesis,diagnosis and evaluation,treatment,prognosis,and future research directions of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome,aiming to enhance understanding and improve prognosis.

  • Clinical research
    Tang Chong, Ji Yan, Huang Fanfan, Shi Kai, Hu Rong, Wan Wenjuan
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(01): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003698
    Abstract (55) PDF (13) HTML (39)   Knowledge map   Save

    Objective To investigate the features and changing trend of choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity in the macular region of adult patients with myopia by using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCTA). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 adult patients with myopia(138 right eyes),aged 18-36 years,who attended the outpatient service of Department of Ophthalmology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,from April 2023 to October 2023,and routine ophthalmic examination was performed for all patients,including refractive status and axial length(AL). According to spherical equivalent (SE),the patients were divided into low myopia group(-3D<SE≤-0.5D),moderate myopia group(-6D<SE≤-3D),and high myopia group (SE≤-6D). SS-OCTA was used to observe and quantify mean choroidal thickness(MCT),choriocapillaris blood flow area(CBFA),choroidal vessel volume(CVV),and choroidal vessel index(CVI) of the 3 mm×3 mm macular region. MCT and choroidal vascularity parameters were compared between the groups with different degrees of myopia,and their changing trends were analyzed. Results There were significant differences between the groups with different degrees of myopia in MCT,CBFA,CVV,and CVI in the central fovea,the parafovea,and the whole macular region within the 3 mm×3 mm area,which decreased with the increase in the degree of myopia(P<0.01). After elimination of confounding factors,the partial correlation analysis showed that MCT,CBFA,CVV,and CVI in the whole macular region were positively correlated with SE(r=0.457,0.434,0.395,and 0.401,all P=0.000) and were negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.470,-0.360,-0.465,and -0.468,all P=0.000). The stepwise linear regression analysis showed that MCT gradually increased with the increase in SE(t=2.459,P=0.015) and CVV(t=8.632,P=0.000). Conclusion MCT in the macular region shows heterogeneous distribution in adult patients with myopia,and MCT and choroidal vascularity parameters in the macular region decrease with the increase in the degree of myopia,while choroidal vascularity closely affects choroidal thickness. The choroid may be an important biomarker for myopia,and the research findings of this study can help to reveal the association between myopia and the choroid.

  • Review
    Chen Changjun, Ma Qingwei, Zhang Lei, Wang Qiuru, Peng Dayong, Chen Meng, Yang Yun, Zhang Kaining, Zeng Weinan, Yan Tingbin
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 488-495. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003666
    Abstract (43) PDF (0) HTML (30)   Knowledge map   Save

    Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs) are common orthopedic conditions that can lead to spinal pain and deformity,which greatly affects the quality of life of patients. Currently,there are various treatment methods for OVCFs,but there is still a lack of standards for optimal treatment modalities. Therefore,this article introduces the current treatment methods and characteristics of epidemiology for OVCFs,in order to improve the awareness of this disease among clinicians and provide a reference for selecting more appropriate treatment regimens. Conservative treatment measures,such as bracing and analgesia,are the basic treatment measures for OVCFs,and anti-osteoporosis drugs play a crucial role in management. Minimally invasive procedures,including percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty,remain the primary surgical interventions,and traditional open surgeries are also an important part of treatment,such as anterior spinal fusion,combined anterior and posterior spinal fusion,posterior spinal fusion with three-column osteotomy,and posterior spinal fusion with vertebroplasty. Furthermore,surgeons should focus on the accumulation of related surgical techniques and skills during surgery to effectively address the challenges and complications associated with surgical interventions. Finally,scientific and appropriate treatment methods should be selected for patients,in order to improve long-term treatment outcomes and increase the degree of satisfaction among patients.

  • Review
    Li Xiaomei, Wang Xiaolei, Huang Xinyue, Gong Chunbei, Wang Zhen
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 496-500. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003774
    Abstract (42) PDF (0) HTML (31)   Knowledge map   Save

    Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) is a progressive eye disease characterized by immune-mediated inflammation of the extraocular muscles and orbital connective tissue. TAO tends to have complex and diverse symptoms and signs, with the features of diversity and concealment, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The pathogenesis of TAO is closely associated with thyroid autoimmunity. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of TAO.

  • Precision Medicine in Cancer and Translational Studies
    Han Leng, Zhu Xinting, Zhang Jiayu, Guo Cheng, Yang Quanjun
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 585-588. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003801
    Abstract (41) PDF (2) HTML (29)   Knowledge map   Save

    Amino acids are essential nutrients for the survival of all cells in the body,and their metabolic processes are closely associated with tumor development and progression. The metabolic changes of the essential amino acid tryptophan have a significance impact on tumor microenvironment. Tryptophan is mainly metabolized to kynurenine (KYN) by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase,and the accumulation of KYN and the deficiency of tryptophan cause alterations in the immune status in tumor microenvironment,which in turn affects tumor development and progression. Based on the current studies on tryptophan,this article systematically discusses the influence of abnormal tryptophan metabolism on tumors and the interventions targeting this pathway,in order to provide a reference for subsequent tumor therapy.

  • Review
    Luo Fangli, Sun Luqiang, Wang Siqi, Hou Yujun, Li Ying, Zhou Siyuan
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(01): 23-29. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003635
    Abstract (39) PDF (1) HTML (31)   Knowledge map   Save

    Intestinal barrier function is very important for overall health. Under physiological conditions,intestinal barrier can effectively prevent the internal environment from being affected by harmful substances and ensure the stability of the internal environment. When the internal environment of the body is damaged by various factors,the intestinal barrier function can be impaired,leading to increased intestinal permeability and thus a series of pathological changes such as intestinal flora shift and endotoxin absorption. By searching,sorting,and summarizing relevant literature,the authors found that there are many methods for detection and evaluation of intestinal barrier function. Indicators measured using blood,urine,stool,or intestinal tissue samples have been used to evaluate intestinal barrier function both in vivo and in vitro. This paper summarizes the methods of intestinal barrier function evaluation,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each evaluation method,in order to provide a reference for the subsequent research in this field.

  • Basic research
    Fu Qiang, Ke Yiling, He Guiqiong, Yu Huarong
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 649-656. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003689
    Abstract (31) PDF (5) HTML (21)   Knowledge map   Save

    Objective To construct a mouse model of house dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma with cognitive impairment. Methods C57 BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as the study subjects. HDMs were used intranasally to induce allergic asthma in mice(HDM group). Simultaneously,a normal saline control group(NS group) and a blank control group(CN group) were established. At week 2 and month 1 of model construction,cognitive ability was tested using Barnes maze;pulmonary function was determined by nebulization with acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride solution,and pathological changes in lung and brain tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting. Results At week 2,there were no significant differences in the enhanced pause(Penh),inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi,time and frequency of mice finding escape boxes,and changes in mature neuronal marker neuronal nuclei antigen(NeuN) and synaptophysin in the brain in the HDM group compared with the CN and NS groups;no neuroinflammation occurred in the brain. At month 1,compared with the CN and NS groups,the HDM group showed a significant increase in Penh and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi;the time of mice finding escape boxes significantly increased(F=19.600,P<0.001),and the frequency significantly decreased(F=10.150,P=0.002);the NeuN-positive area in the hippocampus of mice significantly decreased(F=6.449,P=0.012),and synaptophysin was significantly reduced(F=16.200,P=0.004);activation of microglial cells and neuroinflammation occurred. Conclusion This study successfully constructed a mouse model of HDM-induced allergic asthma with cognitive impairment,providing a good animal model for exploring the mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by allergic asthma and drug intervention research.

  • Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Column
    Liu Wei, Deng Jiong, Sang Tian, Zhang Jie
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(03): 293-302. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003754
    Abstract (27) PDF (10) HTML (24)   Knowledge map   Save

    Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet,anakinra,and tocilizumab in the treatment of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome(FIRES) through a meta-analysis. Methods With FIRES,ketogenic diet,anakinra,and tocilizumab as search terms,the databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,Clinicalttrials.gov,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP were searched for related articles published up to December 13,2024. Two reviewers independently screened the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. Review Manager was used to perform the meta-analysis. Results Among the 549 studies,45 case reports and case series met the inclusion criteria,and there were 45 retrospective studies in total,among which 25,8,and 17 were included in the ketogenic diet group,the tocilizumab group,and the anakinra group,respectively,with 66 patients in the ketogenic diet group,8 in the the tocilizumab group,and 54 in the anakinra group. There were 3 case reports,in which all 3 patients were treated with tocilizumab and anakinra. The meta-analysis showed that in the treatment of FIRES in the acute stage,ketogenic diet,anakinra,and tocilizumab showed a response raet of 68%(95%CI=51%-85%,I2=71%,P<0.01),57%(95%CI=35%-80%,I2=71%,P<0.01),and 100%(95%CI=79%-100%,I2=0%,P=1.00),respectively,with no statistical differences between studies. The survival rate was 96%(95%CI=89%-100%,I2=0%,P=1.00) in the ketogenic diet group,96%(95%CI=89%-100%,I2=0%,P=1.00) in the anakinra group,and 100%(95%CI=80%-100%,I2=0%,P=1.00) in the tocilizumab group. The incidence rate of adverse reactions was 22%(95%CI=7%-37%,I2=81%,P<0.01) in the ketogenic diet group,19%(95%CI=2%-36%,I2=67%,P<0.01) in the anakinra group,and 0%(95%CI=0%-21%,I2=0%,P=1.00) in the tocilizumab group. Conclusion Ketogenic diet,anakinra,and tocilizumab can reduce the frequency of seizures in acute stage of FIRES,and ketogenic diet and anakinra treatment have a relatively high incidence rate of adverse reactions. Hypoglycemia and infection are adverse reactions commonly observed during treatment.

  • Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Pelvic Floor Functional Restoration Column
    Che Yulong, Wu Zhanpeng, Yuan Fangchao, Li Jie
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 470-475. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003804
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    Objective To investigate the feasibility of improving quality of life through outcome self-reporting and clinical intervention based on the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire(USSQ) for patients with upper tract urolithiasis. Methods We enrolled 106 patients with upper urinary tract calculi from June 2023 to June 2024 who underwent ureteral stent placement at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. We applied the USSQ to monitor the patients’ outcomes through their self-reports,and used the data to inform clinical interventions. The feasibility of this USSQ-based approach for improving patients’ quality of life was evaluated. Results The main symptoms after ureteral stent placement were pain and hematuria,while frequency,urgency,fever,and sexual problems were less common. The USSQ score was highest on the third day after operation,and thereafter declined in all the dimensions. except the additional problem. After intervention,the total USSQ score (57.5±10.1 vs. 51.6±8.9,t=2.981,P=0.004) and urinary symptom score (30.8±5.3 vs. 26.7±5.6,t=3.478,P<0.001) were significantly decreased. USSQ-based outcome self-reporting and clinical intervention could reduce symptom scores and improve patients’ quality of life. Conclusion USSQ-based outcome monitoring and management are feasible and effective for improving the quality of life of patients with upper tract urolithiasis.

  • Endocrine Regulation and Metabolic Diseases
    Li Zhenhan, Chen Zhongpei, Yu Xiaoxia
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 574-578. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003772
    Abstract (25) PDF (1) HTML (19)   Knowledge map   Save

    As the population ages,the incidence of diabetes continues to climb. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in about half of diabetic patients. DPN is characterized by the loss of peripheral nerve function from distal to proximal,with the main symptom of diffuse and persistent spontaneous intractable pain,which is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. DPN has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis,and the pathogenesis is not fully clear. The current focus of clinical treatment for DPN is to alleviate the clinical symptoms,as well as to control blood glucose and reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. This study investigated the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of DPN and summarized the latest research progress to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of DPN.

  • Basic research
    Zhan Zongzhu, Wang Chunduo, He Siyi, Li Ranran, Zhang Wuzhiyi, Feng Binbin, Ren Jihua
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 612-622. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003803
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    Objective To investigate the role of heat shock transcription factor 1(HSF1) in hepatitis B virus X protein(HBx)-driven migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cells,and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of HSF1 mediating HBx-driven HCC progression. Methods 4D label-free quantitative proteomics and Western blot were used to analyze the effect of HBx on HSF1 expression. HBx was overexpressed in the HCC cell lines Huh7 and MHCC97H,and its impact on the mRNA and protein levels and stability of HSF1 was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze the expression of HSF1 in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-associated HCC tissues and its relationship with tumor stage/grade and patient prognosis,and Western blot was used to measure the expression of HSF1 in HBV-associated HCC tissues. HBx was overexpressed in HCC cells,followed by HSF1 knockdown or cell treatment with the HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11,and Transwell migration and invasion assay,scratch assay,and F-actin staining experiment were performed to analyze the role of HSF1 in HBx-driven HCC cell migration and invasion. GEO and HCMDB datasets were used to identify the downstream target of HSF1,and the role of downstream target c-Myb in HSF1-mediated HBx-driven HCC progression. Results HBx upregulated HSF1 protein levels without significantly affecting its mRNA expression,through enhancing HSF1 protein stability. HSF1 was highly expressed in HBV-associated HCC tissues,and its elevated expression correlated with tumor stage/grade and poor prognosis. HBx overexpression significantly promoted the migration,invasion,wound-healing capacity,and pseudopodia formation capacity of Huh7 and MHCC97H cells,while HSF1 knockdown or KRIBB11 treatment significantly attenuated the HBx-driven migration and invasion of HCC. HSF1 promoted the expression of the metastasis-associated protein c-Myb,and c-Myb overexpression in HSF1-knockdown HCC cells restored the promotive effect of HBx on HCC cell migration and invasion. Conclusion HBx enhances HSF1 protein stability to promote its expression. Upregulation of c-Myb by HSF1 plays a pivotal role in HBx-driven HCC cell migration and invasion. Targeting HSF1 may help to delay the progression of HBV-associated HCC.

  • Clinical research
    Ma Jin, Yang Hao, Sun Changrui, Lei Yu, Wu Chunxiang
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2024, 49(12): 1600-1607. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003678
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    Objective To investigate the cytometric bead array(CBA) method in measuring the expression levels of human cytokine profiles in patients with sepsis,and to explore the clinical application value of different cytokines in the early diagnosis of sepsis and the prediction of mortality risk. Methods This study was conducted among 256 sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU),99 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination,and 99 non-sepsis patients admitted to the ICU,and the CBA method was used to measure the plasma levels of interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-4 (IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ). The Spearman and Mantel tests in R language were used for the routine correlation analysis and the correlation analysis between indicator sets,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was plotted to assess the application value of each cytokine in the human cytokine profile in the early diagnosis of sepsis patients and the prediction of mortality risk. Results The sepsis patients had significantly higher plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the human cytokine profile than the healthy controls and the non-sepsis patients admitted to the ICU. IL-6 had an area under the ROC curve(AUC) of 0.868(95%CI=0.835-0.901,P<0.000 1) in the early diagnosis of sepsis,while IL-10 had an AUC of 0.831(95%CI= 0.793-0.869,P<0.000 1). The correlation analysis of the indicator sets using the Mantel test showed a significant correlation between IL-6 and C-reactive protein in the sepsis mortality group(r=0.101,P=0.001),as well as a significant correlation between IL-10 and neutrophil count(r=0.132,P=0.001). All cytokines in the human cytokine profile had an AUC of <0.70 in predicting 28-day mortality rate. Conclusion Human cytokines measured by the CBA method have varying degrees of efficacy in the early diagnosis of sepsis. While IL-6 and IL-10 can offer valuable evidence for the early clinical diagnosis of sepsis,they have comparable efficacy to other cytokines in predicting mortality risk

  • Review
    Li Yalan, Ma Yuanyan, Wang Deqiang, Cai Xuefei
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(02): 152-157. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003654
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    Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem.To avoid the development of liver cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma,patients usually need long-term drug treatment. The dynamic change in serum hepatitis B virus nucleic acid levels can be used as an important indicator of safe drug withdrawal in clinical practice. For the precise treatment of hepatitis B,it is very important to improve the specificity and sensitivity of hepatitis B virus nucleic acid detection methods and the scientific interpretation of the results. This paper summarizes the application scenarios of existing detection methods and their advantages and disadvantages,aiming to provide a reference for method selection according to clinical situation in the future.

  • Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Pelvic Floor Functional Restoration Column
    Pang Lei, Shuang Weibing
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003820
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    Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death that can lead to the activation of inactive cytokines and the cleavage of gasdermin D in cells. The main pathological outcome of inflammatory bladder disease is the loss of bladder compliance,and cell pyroptosis plays an important role in this process. Some studies have shown that cell pyroptosis is regulated by various mechanisms such as DNA methylation and mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage,which intervene in the biological behavior of bladder urothelial cells in interstitial cystitis and induce impairment of bladder compliance. Therefore,this article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of cell pyroptosis in interstitial cystitis and the potential role of pyroptosis in inflammatory bladder diseases,in order to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers for interstitial cystitis and facilitate the prevention and treatment of interstitial cystitis.

  • Clinical research
    Mai Suying, Nan Yayun, Wang Wei, Wu Yuanbo, Chen Qiong
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(03): 344-351. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003653
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    Objective Malnutrition is prevalent among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and closely associated with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three nutritional indices in predicting all-cause mortality among COPD patients. Methods Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES),this study included 1640 patients with COPD surveyed from 1999 to 2018. The optimal cutoff values for controlling nutritional status(CONUT) score,geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI),and prognostic nutritional index(PNI) were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. The predictive value of these nutritional indices was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and C-index. Their predictive abilities were compared using the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. A Cox regression analysis was conducted to explore the association of the three nutritional indices with all-cause mortality. Results Log-rank tests revealed lower overall survival rates in patients with higher nutritional risks(P<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression adjusting for all covariates,CONUT score(hazard ratio [HR=1.31,95%CI=1.03-1.67,P=0.030),GNRI(HR=2.02,95%CI=1.26-3.24,P=0.004),and PNI(HR=2.05,95%CI=1.53-2.75,P<0.001) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion This study confirms that the three nutritional indices are effective predictors of all-cause mortality in COPD patients. Compared with PNI,CONUT score and GNRI demonstrate improved predictive abilities,and they are recommended for routine screening for high-risk malnutrition in COPD patients.

  • Urinary system diseases
    Liu Peihua, Zhang Bingnan, Fan Benyi
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(02): 171-174. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003646
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    Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system,and its treatment relies on accurate detection and long-term monitoring,which are crucial for improving patient’s prognosis. Currently,cystoscopy is the primary method for diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer,but its invasive nature poses significant discomfort to patients. Liquid biopsy,which non-invasively detects biomarkers such as DNA,RNA,and proteins in body fluids for information no disease status,has gained increasing attention in recent years for its potential in invasive tumor detection. Liquid biopsy holds promise as a novel approach to diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer.

  • Basic research
    Liu Hua, Meng Qi, Hao Yangmin, Du Guoli
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 595-601. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003743
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    Objective To investigate the flow cytometry cell sorting regimen for M1 macrophages and the association between M1 macrophage polarization and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods High-fat diet(HFD) was used to establish a mouse model of NAFLD. Twelve C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group(normal diet) and HFD group using a random number table and were fed for 24 weeks. Metabolic markers including blood glucose and blood lipids were measured;quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the factors associated with M1 macrophages in mice;HE staining was used to observe liver pathology. The Percoll gradient centrifugation method was used to collect liver Kupffer cells,and flow cytometry was used to measure M1 macrophages in mouse liver(sorting regimen:FSC-A/SSC-A for grouping and removing red blood cells and impurities in the liver;FITC CD45(+)/PE-cy7 CD11clow for grouping leukocytes;APC CD115(+)/Percp cy5.5 CD11bhigh for the screening of monocytes;Apc-cy7 F4/80low/PE Ly-6Chigh for separating M1 macrophages). Results Compared with the control group at week 24,the HFD group had significant increases in the indicators of body weight [(28.35±1.71) g vs. (38.43±4.41) g,P<0.001),liver weight [(1.03±0.18) g vs. (1.85±0.41) g,P=0.003),fasting blood glucose [(10.23±1.58) mmol/L vs. (7.07±0.58) mmol/L,P˂0.001)],insulin [(18.62±3.84) pg/mL vs. (28.84±8.3) pg/mL,P˂0.001)],triglyceride [(2.97±0.67) mmol/L vs. (4.05±0.99) mmol/L,P=0.01)],cholesterol[(0.23±0.06) mmol/L vs. (0.55±0.17) mmol/L,P<0.001)],alanine aminotransferase [5.67(3.16,9.23) U/L vs. 35.86(19.68,58.33) U/L,P=0.003],and aspartate aminotransferase [53.14(38.18,64.40) U/L vs. 155.10 (113.60,192.20) U/L,P<0.001],and there was a significant increase in M1 macrophage polarization in NAFLD mice [42.00%(26.50,45.50) vs. 9.95%(3.1,12),P=0.003]. There were significant increases in the mRNA levels of IL-β,IL-6,F4/80,and TNF-α in the liver of mice induced by HFD. Conclusion The flow cytometry sorting regimen can be used to measure M1 macrophages in the liver. Significant aggravation of inflammatory response is observed in NAFLD,and M1 macrophage polarization is positively correlated with the onset of NAFLD.

  • Clinical research
    Qi Luyao, Xing Jixiang, Wang Guangdong, Ouyang Bingqing, Feng Wentao, Lou Lihong, Wang Haikuo, Lei Ming
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 657-667. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003796
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    Objective To investigate the association between albumin-corrected anion gap(ACAG) and short- to long-term death outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods This retrospective study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database,and the adult patients who were diagnosed with AP and were admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled in this study. Cox regression risk analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis,Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis,restricted cubic spline,and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the value of ACAG in predicting the death outcome of AP patients. Results A total of 444 patients were enrolled in this study,and according to the death status of the patients on day 28 after admission,the patients were divided into survival group with 412 patients and death group with 32 patients,with a mortality rate of 7.2% on day 28 after admission. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ACAG was an independent predictive factor for all-cause mortality rate on day 28 after admission in AP patients(hazard ratio[HR]=1.18,95%CI=1.05-1.32),while it was not an independent predictive factor for death outcome on days 90(HR=1.05,95%CI=0.97-1.14) and 180(HR=1.01,95%CI=0.94-1.09) and at 1 year(HR=1.02,95%CI=0.95-1.10). The ROC curve analysis showed that ACAG had an area under the ROC curve(AUC) of 0.732(95%CI=0.632-0.832) in predicting 28-day death outcome,which was better than that of AG(AUC=0.665,95%CI=0.550-0.781) and serum albumin(Alb)(AUC=0.655,95%CI=0.550-0.761) and was similar to that of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA) score(AUC=0.745,95%CI=0.651-0.838). The ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off value of ACAG was 21.375. Based on the cut-off value of ACAG of 21.375,the patients were divided into high-value group and normal-value group,and the Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the patients with a high level of ACAG had a significantly higher mortality rate than those with normal ACAG(P<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that the results were stable. Conclusion ACAG can be used as an independent predictive factor for all-cause mortality rate on day 28 after admission in AP patients,with a better efficacy than AG and Alb and a similar efficacy to SOFA. However,it is not significantly associated with 90-day,180-day,and 1-year death outcomes in AP patients.

  • Precision Medicine in Cancer and Translational Studies
    Hu Yu, Wei Hua, Zhou Zhou, Zhang Sanyuan
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 589-594. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003765
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    Endometrial cancer(EC) is one of the common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system,and the conventional treatment methods including surgery and radiochemotherapy have a limited therapeutic effect. CD8+ T cells are the main effector cells in tumor microenvironment(TME) and are also the main target cells for immunotherapy that have emerged in recent years. This article briefly elaborates on the cytotoxic effect of CD8+T cells in TME through the three pathways of the perforin-granzyme pathway,the FAS pathway,and the secretion of cytokines,and the changes in the peripheral environment of patients with EC may affect the functions of CD8+ T cells. This article also summarizes the application of CD8+ T cells as the targets for EC treatment,in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

  • Precision Medicine in Cancer and Translational Studies
    Zhao Jiahui, Han Yongzheng, Li Min, Liu Chang
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 579-584. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003640
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    Lidocaine,as an amide local anesthetic,is widely used in cancer patients in the perioperative period. This article summarizes the effect of lidocaine on cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of common tumors in clinical practice based on both basic and clinical studies,including breast cancer,gastric cancer,colon cancer,and lung cancer,and it also reviews the clinical application of lidocaine in the perioperative treatment of patients with these four types of cancer. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of action of lidocaine in various types of cancer,develop individualized administration regimens based on the treatment characteristics of different tumors,and optimize perioperative treatment strategies for cancer patients through novel formulations,which may provide a theoretical basis for lidocaine in assisting tumor therapy in the perioperative period.

  • Clinical research
    Wei Bingting, Yang Chen, Xie Mingjing, Xiong Yang, Wu Tingting, Zhang Xuebing
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 674-681. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003739
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    Objective To investigate the application effect of a novel zipper device in wound healing after incision and drainage of cutaneous abscesses in children,and to explore its optimal intervention timing. Methods A total of 50 children who attended the outpatient service of Department of Pediatric surgery from September 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the parity of the date of visit. The 26 children with the odd date of visit were enrolled as experimental group,and the 24 children with the even date of visit were enrolled as control group. The same anti-infective dressings were used for wound dressing in both groups after incision and drainage,and when there was a significant reduction in wound exudate and the fresh granulation tissue emerged at wound base,the zipper device was used for the children in the experimental group,and dressing change was performed for the children in the control group until the wound was completely healed. The two groups were compared in terms of wound healing time,healing rate,and the total costs of dressing change,and the multiple linear regression model and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association between the intervention time of the zipper device and wound healing time. Results Compared with the control group,the experimental group had a significantly shorter wound healing time,a significantly higher wound healing rate,and significantly lower total costs of dressing change(P<0.001). The multiple linear regression model showed that the infection size of skin abscess and the intervention time of the zipper device were strongly associated with wound healing time (P<0.05). After adjustment for infection size,the RCS model analysis showed a significant linear dose-response relationship between intervention time and wound healing time (Pnonlinear=0.406),and wound healing time shortened with the reduction in intervention time (P<0.001). Conclusion The application of the novel zipper device can help with the healing of cutaneous abscesses in children,and it is recommended to apply the device as early as possible after control of wound infection,in order to promote early wound healing.

  • Review
    He Yanhu, Jin Hua, Bai Lin, Ma Chao, Liu Minke, Liu Zhijun, Chen Dongsheng, Hu Zhixia
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(02): 165-170. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003712
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    Hypertension,as the most common independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,does not cause discomfort due to elevated blood pressure itself,but causes damage to important target organs of the body and various complications due to prolonged course of hypertension or long-term high blood pressure. In addition to the research hotspots of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications caused by hypertension in recent years,the association between hypertension and small cerebral vascular disease has also gradually become a research hotspot. This article reviews the risk factors for white matter lesions in hypertensive patients,in order to provide individualized regimens to prevent the further progression of the disease.

  • Basic research
    Hu Weiwei, Wang Yang, Shi Chunmeng
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2024, 49(11): 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003618
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    Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell conditional medium(uMSC-CM) in promoting the healing of combined radiation and wound injury(CRWI). Methods A total of 42 male C57BL mice were randomly divided into trauma group,CRWI control group,and CRWI treatment group,with 14 mice in each group. A mouse model of skin CRWI was established by whole body irradiation with 4 Gy γ-ray combined with full-thickness skin defect wound with a diameter of 1 cm. The mice in the CRWI treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg uMSC-CM once every other day,while those in the other two groups were given injection of an equal volume of serum-free DMEM medium. Photographs and HE staining were used to assess wound healing;CD31 immunofluorescent staining was used to observe neovascularization;α-SMA immunohistochemical staining was used to observe cell migration;Masson staining was used to evaluate collagen deposition;Ki67 and TUNEL staining were used to measure proliferation and apoptosis;Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins. Primary skin fibroblasts of mice were divided into control group,irradiation group,and irradiation treatment group. Edu staining and colony formation assay were used to detect cell proliferation;cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect cell migration;flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis;Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins. Results In this study,uMSC-CM significantly promoted the healing of CRWI(P<0.05),and the histological results showed that uMSC-CM could promote angiogenesis,cell migration,and collagen fiber deposition in CRWI. Further analysis showed that uMSC-CM increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis in CRWI(P<0.05). Western blot showed that uMSC-CM promoted the protein expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K and phosphorylated AKT(P<0.05). In vitro cell experiments showed that uMSC-CM promoted the proliferation and migration of mouse dermal fibroblasts and reduced apoptosis after irradiation(P<0.05),and Western blot showed that uMSC-CM promoted the protein expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K and phosphorylated AKT after irradiation(P<0.05). Conclusion This study shows that uMSC-CM accelerates CRWI wound healing,possibly by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and inhibit their apoptosis.

  • Basic research
    Zhu An’e, Zhang Jian, Wang Chengfei, Ding Jiuyang, Wang Jiawen, Wang Jie, Wang Yuanhe
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 602-611. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003771
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    Objective To investigate the effects of dictyophora polysaccharides(DIP) on cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic alcohol exposure in rats. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=12):control group (normal saline),DIP group[DIPH,DIP administered by gavage at 300 mg/(kg·d) for 28 consecutive days],alcohol group[EtOH,60% alcohol administered by gavage at 10 mg/(kg·d) for 28 consecutive days],low-dose DIP treatment group[EtOH+DIPL,60% alcohol administered at 10 mg/(kg·d) and DIP administered at 100 mg/(kg·d) by gavage,with an interval of 6 hours between doses,for 28 consecutive days],and high-dose DIP treatment group[EtOH+DIPH,60% alcohol administered at 10 mg/(kg·d) and DIP administered at 300 mg/(kg·d) by gavage,with an interval of 6 hours between doses,for 28 consecutive days]. On day 25 of gavage,water maze training was provided for the rats for 4 days. On day 29,a water maze test was performed to determine the memory and learning functions of the rats;HE staining was used to evaluate the edema and inflammation of the liver and brain tissues; presence of inflammatory cells and the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP) in brain tissue were measured using immunohistochemical staining; Western blot was used to measure the expression of 2,2-cyclic nucleotide-3-phosphodiesterase(CNP) in the hippocampal tissue;the structural integrity of the myelin sheath was evaluated using LuxoL fast blue(LFB) staining and transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with the control group,the EtOH group showed a significantly increased escape latency,reduced expression of MBP,and decreased density of the myelin sheath. DIP intervention significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in rats,increased the expression of MBP and CNP,and reduced myelin damage. Conclusion At a dose of 300 mg/kg,DIP may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic alcohol exposure by protecting the structural and functional integrity of myelin sheaths.

  • Clinical research
    Wang Ying, Zhao Boying, Kong Lingwen, Guo Yongzheng, Luo Yuan
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 668-673. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003800
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    Objective To investigate the current status of depression and its correlation with psychological resilience in patients with acute aortic dissection(AAD) after discharge. Methods This study was conducted among 67 patients with AAD who were treated in Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,Chongqing Emergency Medical Center,from June 2023 to June 2024 and received telephone follow-up and questionnaire survey,and basic data were collected from all patients,including sex,age,dissection type,educational level,length of hospital stay,discharge time,and hospital costs. Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) were distributed,and finally 49 valid questionnaires were included for statistical analysis. SDS and CD-RISC scores were compared between AAD patients with different basic data variables,and the Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of SDS score with psychological resilience and the scores of each dimension. The multiple linear regression analysis was further performed. Results The incidence rate of depression was 36.73% among the patients with AAD. With the basic data as variables,there was a significant difference in SDS score between the patients with different sexes and discharge times(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference in CD-RISC score between the patients with different sexes and educational levels(P<0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that SDS score was negatively correlated CD-RISC score(r=-0.408,P=0.004),and SDS score was also negatively correlated with the scores of the dimensions of strength,resilience,and optimism in psychological resilience(r=-0.283,-0.319,-0.493,all P<0.05). There was a linear regression relationship between the dimension of optimism and the SDS score of depression. Conclusion There is a relatively high risk of depression in patients with AAD,and there is a significant negative correlation between psychological resilience and depressive state. Strengthening the construction of psychological resilience in AAD patients is important to prevent the risk of depression in AAD patients.

  • Clinical research
    Sheng Weiqiong, Huang Jing, Zhang Tianfeng, Zhang Yi, Huang Hua, Wang Hong, Jia Guoqing, Kang Chengjiang
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 511-515. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003790
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    Objective To investigate the carriage of the thalassemia gene in sperm donors in Chongqing,China by analyzing the thalassemia screening and gene mutation types of sperm donors in Chongqing Human Sperm Bank(CHSB),and to provide a reference for thalassemia screening in sperm donors in Chongqing. Methods Blood samples were collected from 488 sperm donors in CHSB(donors with all tests qualified during the quarantine) from December 2021 to August 2024. A complete blood count analysis was performed to measure the mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH). Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)/agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect deletional α-thalassemia mutations. PCR and DNA reverse dot blot hybridization were used to detect 3 common non-deletional α-thalassemia mutations and 17 common β-thalassemia mutations. The test results were then analyzed. Results Among the 488 sperm donors aged 25.64±4.95 years,15(3.07%,all Han nationality) tested positive for thalassemia. This carriage rate was lower than that of the thalassemia population in Chongqing(9.24%). Among the 15 thalassemia carriers,13 had deletional α-gene mutations(-α3.7 genotype in 11 cases[73.33%], -α4.2 genotype in 1 case[6.67%],and -SEA genotype in 1 case [6.67%]),and 2 had non-deletional α-gene mutations(both with the WSM heterozygous mutation). There was only 1 case of abnormal MCV and MCH2 indicators among thalassemia carriers(screening positive rate was 6.67%). Conclusion Thalassemia screening in sperm donors in CHSB reveals a low thalassemia carriage rate,reflecting geographic (predominantly Sichuan and Chongqing origins) and demographic (healthy men of childbearing potential) characteristics. Given the significant impact of thalassemia on the offspring conceived through sperm donation,it is recommended to conduct thalassemia gene screening among sperm donors in human sperm banks.

  • Review
    Zhou Juan, Zeng Deyang, Liu Xiaochang, Zeng Yan, Huang Zhaolan, Yang Xue, Wang Xing, Tan Wei
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 476-481. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003773
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    Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with highly heterogeneous pathological and clinical manifestations,and it is the most common cause of dementia. This heterogeneity poses challenges for diagnosis,treatment,and evaluating novel pharmacological efficacy. This review summarizes the latest progress in the major clinical subtypes of AD based on clinical manifestations,genetic,and pathological features. Early-onset and late-onset AD clinical subtypes may share the same symptoms but differ in etiology,age of onset,mode of presentation,disease progression,and associated comorbidities. Typical and atypical AD differ significantly in clinical manifestations,pathological features,and diagnostic criteria. Research on AD subtypes based on imaging and omics data has also made considerable progress. This review also outlines the molecular pathological heterogeneity of AD. A deep understanding of these heterogeneities is crucial for diagnosis,the formulation of pharmacological treatment strategies,and clinical management.

  • Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome Column
    Zhang Jie, Liu Wei, Deng Jiong, Sang Tian, Yang Haipo, Guan Qiao, Zhu Ying, Jiang Yuwu, Wu Ye
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(03): 280-286. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003753
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    Objective To investigate the important clinical features and prognosis of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 15 children with FIRES who were hospitalized and treated in Peking University First Hospital from March 2022 to June 2024,including clinical features,treatment regimens,and prognosis,and follow-up was performed by telephone. Results The median duration of status epilepticus was 15 days for all children. Of all 15 children,14(93.3%) were comorbid with disturbance of consciousness,8(53.3%) were comorbid with respiratory failure and underwent endotracheal incubation,and 13(86.7%) had been admitted to the intensive care unit. In the acute stage,7 children underwent the examination of various inflammatory factors in blood and cerebrospinal fluid,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor-α,and all 7 children had significant increases in the levels of inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid,which were significantly higher than the levels of inflammatory factors in serum. Of all 15 children,12(80%) had diffuse slow wave changes on electroencephalography,and migrating focal seizures were detected in 7 children(46.7%). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) manifestations in the acute stage included temporal and insular cortical edema(60%),abnormal white matter signal(33.3%),and claustrum sign(13.3%),and MRI features in the chronic stage included the deepening of cerebral sulci(75%) and ventricular dilatation(33.3%). The treatment in the acute stage included intravenous drip of gamma-globulin and high-dose methylprednisolone in 15 children(effective in 2 children),ketogenic diet in 4 children (effective in 1 child),tocilizumab in 5 children(effective in 3 children),and anakinra in 2 children(effective in 1 child). As of the last follow-up,the median duration of disease was 14.0 months(4-65 months) for all patients,and only 2 children achieved complete seizure control,while the remaining 13 children had refractory epilepsy. Cognitive impairment was observed in 93.3% of the children. Conclusion FIRES often has acute and severe conditions,and first-line immunotherapies often have a poor therapeutic effect. Tocilizumab and anakinra may be effective in some patients with seizures in the acute stage.

  • Clinical research
    Peng Peng, Chen Xinrui, Zhou Yilin, Tian Xiaoqin, Tang Yuqin, Deng Dan
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 501-510. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003733
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    Objective To investigate the influencing factors for dysphagia in the elderly,to construct a predictive model for dysphagia,and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice. Methods In this case-control study,the patients with dysphagia who attended Department of Geriatrics in the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2016 to June 2023 were enrolled as case group,and the patients without dysphagia who attended the same department during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. The correlation analysis,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression,and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the influencing factors for dysphagia;the 10-fold cross-validation Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost) model was used to predict dysphagia,and the SHapley additive exPlanations(SHAP) method was used for model visualization. Results There were 1009 cases in the case group and 2125 cases in the control group. The correlation analysis and LASSO regression analysis identified 12 factors for the multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the results showed that sarcopenia,increasing age,children or caretakers as caregivers,frail health,poor oral health,poor self-care ability,depression,and cognitive impairment were risk factors for dysphagia(odds ratio[OR]>1,P<0.05),and female sex and participation in community activities were protective factors against dysphagia(OR<1,P<0.05). The XGBoost model had a good predictive efficacy,with an accuracy rate of 0.795,a precision rate of 0.711,a sensitivity of 0.613,a specificity of 0.881,an F1 value of 0.661,and an area under the ROC curve of 0.855. The SHAP plot showed that the top five important characteristics were caregiver,oral score,frail health condition,activities of daily living,and cognitive function. Conclusion There are various influencing factors for dysphagia in the elderly,and the elderly patients with poor oral health,frailty,dependence on others for daily life,and cognitive impairment should be taken seriously in clinical practice. The XGBoost model has a good performance in predicting dysphagia in the elderly,which can provide a reference for clinical practice.

  • Basic research
    Tao Shaolin, Chen Dali, Kang Poming, Qi Dongdong, Zhang Zuwang, Liu Xun, Luo Yi, Liu Chengjun, Tan Qunyou
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(02): 250-253. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003708
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    Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of a novel domestic single-port robotic surgical system for lobectomy through an animal experiment,and to lay the groundwork for its clinical application. Methods An experimental Large White pig (male,40 kg) was selected to undergo left lower lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection under the assistance of the SHURUI® single-port surgical robot. Its feasibility,safety,and efficacy during the perioperative period were evaluated. Results Left lower lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were performed successfully with the single-port robotic surgical system with snake-like arms. The total operative time was 115 min,the docking time was 5 min,the operative time inside the chest cavity was 100 min,the time for lobectomy was 85 min,and the time for lymph node dissection was 15 min. The blood loss was about 20 mL. During operation,there was no damage to the lung,pericardium,vessels,or nerves;no conversion to open surgery; no interference or clash between instruments or instance of instruments moving away from the field of vision; no injuries of the vessels,lung,or chest wall caused by blind operation;and no system failure. The pig showed stable vital signs during and after the operation,and recovered well without relevant complications after the surgery. Conclusion The SHURUI® single-port robotic surgical system is safe and feasible for performing lobectomy in pigs.

  • Basic research
    Liang Huijun, Huang Luyi, Wang Kai, Tang Ni
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(01): 30-36. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003637
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    Objective To establish an animal model of liver cancer by rapid high-volume tail vein injection,and to investigate the therapeutic effect of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitor(R)-3-(2methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)piperazine-2,5dione(HLY838) on liver cancer based on the Sleeping Beauty(SB) transposition system. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice,aged 6-8 weeks,were randomly divided into three groups and were given the NRASV12 transposon plasmid,the β-catenin gene-expressing transposon plasmid,or the YAP gene-expressing transposon plasmid pT3-EF1aH Yap S127A,mixed with the transposase SB100 plasmid,through rapid high-volume tail vein injection. The mice were sacrificed after 8-16 weeks of feeding to observe tumor formation and liver pathological changes. After the establishment of the liver cancer model,HLY838 was injected intraperitoneally to investigate its therapeutic effect on liver cancer. Results After high-pressure injection of the plasmids for 8-16 weeks,there was an increase in liver volume,with granular and nodular changes on the surface of the liver,and HE staining showed disordered structure of the liver and the presence of multiple tumor nodules. The pT3-EF1aH YAP S127A group had a higher tumor formation rate and a shorter duration,but with a relatively small tumor size;the pT/CAGGS-NrasV group had moderately sized tumor nodules,but with a relative long time for tumor formation; the pT3-N90-β-catenin group mainly had hepatocellular carcinoma. The HLY838 treatment group had reductions in the number of liver tumor nodules and the burden of liver tumor. Conclusion The method of hydrodynamic high-volume tail vein injection can be used to establish a mouse model of liver cancer rapidly,with a relatively high success rate. The OGT inhibitor HLY838 has a good antitumor effect on liver cancer in mice.

  • Basic research
    Li Yanan, Xue Chunchun, Wang Kaiqiang
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 630-639. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003826
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    Objective To investigate the phenomenon of hippocampal ferroptosis and its change in a rat model of chronic constriction injury(CCI) of the sciatic nerve,as well as the association between hippocampal ferroptosis and emotional disorders induced by neuropathic pain. Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham group,CCI group,CCI+F group,and CCI+E group,with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the CCI+F group and the CCI+E group were given intraperitoneal injection of Ferrostatin-1(10 mg/kg) and Erastin(10 mg/kg),respectively,since day 7 after surgery for two consecutive days. Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT),paw withdrawal latency(PWL),and open field test(OFT) were measured before surgery and on days 7 and 14 after surgery. On day 14 after surgery,the rats were sacrificed to collect hippocampal tissue;Western blot was used to measure the levels of GPX4,xCT,and FTH1;related kits were used to measure the expression levels of MDA and GSH;HE staining,Nissl staining,and immunofluorescent staining were performed;transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the structural changes of the mitochondria. Results In terms of behavioristics,compared with the Sham group,the CCI group had significant reductions in MWT and PWL on day 7 after surgery(P<0.001),with further reductions from day 7 to day 14 after surgery(P<0.001);compared with the CCI group,the CCI+F group had significant increases in MWT and PWL on day 14 after surgery(P<0.001),and the CCI+E group had no significant change in MWT and a significant reduction in PWL(P<0.01). In terms of the OFT test,compared with the Sham group,the CCI group had significant reductions in total distance and number of central squares crossed (P<0.001) and a significant increase in immobility time(P<0.001);compared with the CCI group,the CCI+F group had significant increases in total distance and number of central squares crossed and a significant reduction in immobility time,while the CCI+E group had no significant changes in these indices. In terms of biochemical results,compared with the Sham group,the CCI group had significant reductions in GPX4,xCT,and FTH1(P<0.01),a significant increase in MDA,and a significant reduction in GSH;compared with the CCI group,the CCI+F group had significant increases in GPX4,xCT,and FTH1(P<0.05),a significant reduction in MDA(P<0.001),and a significant increase in GSH(P<0.01),and the CCI+E group had significant reductions in xCT and FTH1,with no significant changes in MDA and GSH. In terms of morphology,compared with the Sham group,the CCI group had damage and necrosis of hippocampal neurons,significant reductions in Nissl bodies and c-Fos level(P<0.05),and significantly damaged mitochondrial cristae on day 14 after surgery;compared with the CCI group,the CCI+F group had intact structures of hippocampal neurons,significant increases in Nissl bodies and c-Fos(P<0.05),and relatively intact mitochondria,while there were no significant differences in c-Fos and Nissl bodies between the CCI+E group and the CCI group. The pairwise linear correlation analysis of PWL,MWT,GPX4,OFT,and c-Fos on day 14 after surgery showed a significantly positive correlation between any two indicators(P<0.01). Conclusion Peripheral nerve injury triggers ferroptosis in the hippocampus and causes anxiety and depression,thereby aggravating ferroptosis and accelerating the development of central hyperalgesia.

  • Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Pelvic Floor Functional Restoration Column
    Li Jing, Wang Linfeng, Zhang Gaojie, Huang Yong, Gao Yingying, Sun Rui, Cao Yang, Li Qiuchen, He Hao, Wei Ziling, Liu Jiayu
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 457-462. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003799
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    Objective To compare the efficacy of various machine learning models in predicting renal function decline after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN),and to provide evidence for clinical risk stratification. Methods This study retrospectively included the clinical data of 733 patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing RAPN at the Urology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023. Demographic characteristics,laboratory indicators,and perioperative parameters were integrated to construct seven machine learning models. Key predictors were interpreted using Shapley additive explanations(SHAP). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results The random forest model demonstrated the best predictive performance(AUC=0.84). SHAP analysis identified neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,tumor diameter,the international normalized ratio of prothrombin time,white blood cell count,and intraoperative blood loss as significant factors influencing postoperative renal function decline. Conclusion This study provides a potential predictive tool for clinical practice,aiding in identifying high-risk patients and optimizing postoperative management strategies.

  • Clinical research
    Yang Ruifei, Liu Baojing, Wu Man, Feng Feixue, Zhang Yuxin, Wang Zhanzheng, Ma Yanxia
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(03): 403-408. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003715
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    Objective To investigate the value of diameter of pulmonary nodules,radiological indicators,serum tumor markers(CEA,CYFRA21-1,and SCC),and methylation of HOXA7 and SOX17 in circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods A total of 60 patients with malignant pulmonary nodules and 60 patients with benign pulmonary nodules who were admitted to our hospital from September 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled as lung cancer group and benign nodule group,respectively,and 80 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. The three groups were compared in terms of the diameter of nodules,spiculation sign,levels of serum tumor markers,and methylation rates of HOXA7 and SOX17 in plasma ctDNA,and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors for carcinogenesis and establish a predictive model. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the model. Results Compared with the benign nodule group and the control group,the lung cancer group had significantly higher diameter of pulmonary nodules,proportion of patients with spiculation sign,CEA,ProGRP,CYFRA21-1,and methylation rates of serum HOXA7,and SOX17,and the lung cancer group had a significantly higher level of SCC than the control group(all P<0.05). The diameter of pulmonary nodules,spiculation sign,and methylation rates of HOXA7 and SOX17 in serum ctDNA were independent risk factors for malignant pulmonary nodules (P<0.05),and a predictive model was established as Y=ex/(1+ex ),where x=-7.233+(0.108×nodule diameter)+(3.860×spiculation sign)+(0.021×HOXA7 methylation rate)+(0.043×SOX17 methylation rate). The predictive model had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.981,with a significantly larger AUC than each indicator alone and the Mayo and LCBP models(P<0.05). Conclusion The diameter of pulmonary nodules,spiculation sign,and methylation rates of HOXA7 and SOX17 in ctDNA have a relatively high value in the early diagnosis of lung cancer,and the predictive model based on these indicators can significantly improve diagnostic performance.

  • Review
    Luo Wen, Zhang Huayang, Tu Bing
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(02): 145-151. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003647
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    Minimally invasive liver surgery has a marked clinical effect on specific cases and is currently considered an alternative to open surgery. Compared with open surgery,laparoscopy can improve perioperative outcomes and provide equivalent oncological outcomes. Nevertheless,open surgery is still performed in certain cases due to the reasons such as the deep location of the tumor and the difficulty in exposing the liver and controlling bleeding. Robotic surgery brings new development to minimally invasive surgery with its advantages of three-dimensional image and wrist-mounted instruments. Overall,current evidence suggests that robotic surgery is safe and feasible in liver surgery,with considerable short- and long-term oncological outcomes. Since robotic surgery is a relatively new technique,there are few large-scale high-quality studies. The studies published in this area mainly include retrospective reviews and case-control studies,and large-scale randomized prospective studies are needed to further support its application in clinical practice.

  • Clinical research
    Zhang Di, Pang Hua, Ren Xinyi, Cheng Gang
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(05): 694-702. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003778
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    Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT) (18F-FDG PET/CT) metabolic parameters combined with clinical characteristics in treated patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). Methods The clinical data of 75 patients (65 males and 10 females,age of 63.41±7.75 years) with pathologically confirmed ESCC in * Hospital from January 2015 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination after treatment. The relevant parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT were determined:whole body SUVmax(SUVmaxwb); SUVmean and metabolic tumor volume(MTV) were measured with 40% SUVmax as the critical value,and whole body MTV(MTVwb) and whole body total lesion glycolysis(TLGwb) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the relationship between PET parameters and overall survival(OS). Results Fifty-two(69.3%) patients died. PET-positive patients exhibited a 6.029-fold increased risk of death compared with PET-negative patients(P<0.001),with the median survival time of 22.3 months and 43.2 months,respectively. PET-positive patients were categorized based on median parameters of PET:SUVmaxwb=11.09,MTVwb=27.07 cm³,and TLGwb=162.34 g. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests revealed the correlations of pathological classification,M stage,post-PET anti-tumor treatment,MTVwb,and TLGwb with OS. M stage emerged as an independent predictor for OS(hazard ratio=5.698,95%CI=1.791-18.123,P=0.003). Patients positive for both PET imaging and serology had a 6.112-fold higher death risk compared with those negative for PET imaging(P<0.001). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT volume metabolism parameters are significant prognostic predictors for treated patients with ESCC,and patients positive for PET imaging and tumor markers are associated with a poor prognosis.

  • Basic research
    Zhou Ming, Wang Jiawen, Lu Yanlin, Peng Jin, Ding Jiuyang, Le Cuiyun, Li Fangqin, Wang Jie, Liu Yubo, Xia Bing
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(02): 237-243. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb..003655
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    Objective To determine the role of stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(SDF-1/CXCR4) signaling axis in atherosclerosis and to investigate its associated molecular mechanisms. Methods Forty ApoE-/- mice were divided into five groups:control(CON) group,high-fat diet(HFD) group,empty virus(adeno-associated virus 9 enhanced green fluorescent protein,AAV9-eGFP) group,virus knockdown(adeno-associated virus 9-CXCR4-small interfering RNA,AAV9-CXCR4-siRNA) group,and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) group. The CON group was fed normal chow and the remaining four groups were fed high-fat chow for 16 weeks. The PDTC group received intraperitoneal injections of 60 mg/kg PDTC twice/week starting from the fifth week. At 12 weeks,the AAV9-CXCR4-siRNA group and the AAV9-eGFP group received tail-vein injection of rAAV9-CXCR4-RNAi and negative control viruses,respectively,while the HFD group was injected with an equal amount of physiologic saline. The expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein(eGFP) was determined using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The area of atherosclerotic plaques was visualized by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of CXCR4,nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65),phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p-p65),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that atherosclerotic plaques were clearly present in all groups except the CON group,and plaques in the AAV9-CXCR4-siRNA group were significantly smaller than those in the AAV9-eGFP group. Plaques were significantly smaller in the PDTC group compared with the HFD group. In addition,the serum levels of SDF-1,IL-1β,and TNF-α were lower in the PDTC group compared with the HFD group. The serum levels of SDF-1,IL-1β,and TNF-α were lower in the PDTC group compared with the AAV9-eGFP group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of CXCR4 and SDF-1 were higher in the HFD and AAV9-eGFP groups than in the CON group. However,the expression levels of CXCR4(F=9.621,P=0.000) and SDF-1(F=20.102,P=0.000) were significantly reduced in the plaque region in the AAV9-CXCR4-siRNA group compared with the AAV9-eGFP group. In addition,Western blot showed that the expression levels of SDF-1(F=54.093,P=0.000) and CXCR4(F=28.485,P=0.000) were significantly reduced in the PDTC group compared with the HFD group. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression levels were significantly lower in the AAV9-CXCR4-siRNA group compared with the AAV9-eGFP group(F=9.621,P=0.000;F=20.102,P=0.000). Pearson correlation analysis showed that CXCR4 was positively correlated with the protein levels of NF-κb p65(r=0.762,P=0.000),NF-κb p-p65(r=0.795,P=0.000),IL-1(r=0.786,P=0.000),TNF-α(r=0.844,P=0.000),and SDF-1(r=0.815,P=0.000). Conclusion Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis reduces the inflammatory response through the NF-κb signaling pathway,thereby attenuating the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

  • Review
    Huang Yiwei, Xiang Tingxiu, Liu Xinghe, Ran Jing, Zhao Yi
    Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(01): 6-13. https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003639
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    Multiplex single-cell proteomics technology has become a hot topic in biomedical research,among which imaging mass cytometry(IMC) completely solves the serious problem of cross-color between fluorophores and makes up for the lack of tissue spatial information in single-cell sequencing technology. This technique can label dozens of targets simultaneously on a single tissue section,obtain their expression levels and cell localization at the single-cell level,perform in-depth cell phenotypic in situ analysis,and visually depict single-cell proteome maps from the temporal and spatial levels,and due to its unique technical advantages,it has become a powerful tool in the field of tumor research. This article elaborates on the technical principle of IMC and summarizes the advances in the application of IMC in cell phenotype identification,biomarker detection,tumor immunomodulatory determination,tumor heterogeneity differentiation,clinical prognosis guidance,and response prediction by analyzing recent cases,so as to promote the further integration of tumor spatial omics with existing technologies.