Research advances in clinical subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease based on clinical manifestations and pathological features

Zhou Juan, Zeng Deyang, Liu Xiaochang, Zeng Yan, Huang Zhaolan, Yang Xue, Wang Xing, Tan Wei

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Journal of Chongqing Medical University ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (04) : 476-481. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003773
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Research advances in clinical subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease based on clinical manifestations and pathological features

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease（AD） is a neurodegenerative disease with highly heterogeneous pathological and clinical manifestations，and it is the most common cause of dementia. This heterogeneity poses challenges for diagnosis，treatment，and evaluating novel pharmacological efficacy. This review summarizes the latest progress in the major clinical subtypes of AD based on clinical manifestations，genetic，and pathological features. Early-onset and late-onset AD clinical subtypes may share the same symptoms but differ in etiology，age of onset，mode of presentation，disease progression，and associated comorbidities. Typical and atypical AD differ significantly in clinical manifestations，pathological features，and diagnostic criteria. Research on AD subtypes based on imaging and omics data has also made considerable progress. This review also outlines the molecular pathological heterogeneity of AD. A deep understanding of these heterogeneities is crucial for diagnosis，the formulation of pharmacological treatment strategies，and clinical management.

Key words

Alzheimer’s disease / heterogeneity / clinical subtype / molecular pathology / molecular imaging

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Zhou Juan , Zeng Deyang , Liu Xiaochang , et al . Research advances in clinical subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease based on clinical manifestations and pathological features. Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2025, 50(04): 476-481 https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003773

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